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Modeling, Simulation, and Assessment of Electric Motorcycle and Battery Characteristics under the Driving Cycle Test

Tan-Thich Do , Tan-Ngoc Dinh , Vinh-Dat Ly

Published
February 6, 2026

Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Pages 27-56

DOI

Open Access
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Abstract

Global warming, increasing temperatures, and air pollution have become significant challenges in the past decade due to traditional emissions. Therefore, using green energy, especially electric vehicles and electric motorcycles, is the key solution to protecting the environment. Electric motorcycles are widely used in many countries due to their convenience, ease of use, and flexibility. Thus, modeling and simulating electric motorcycles are crucial for accurately calculating and designing the battery pack energy requirements. In this study, electric motorcycles were modeled and simulated to investigate energy characteristics under driving cycle test using Matlab/Simulink software. The results show the electric motorcycle dynamics and energy consumption, the influence of electric motorcycle mass, aerodynamic drag, the quality of the road, road slope angle on the electric motor power, and operating ambient temperature on the battery behavior in the heat generation. In addition, the characteristics of batteries and suitability for selecting of battery required power were compared under various batteries and proposed the best battery for the electric motorcycle. The battery trademark of the A123 (pouch) model was selected as the most suitable for the required battery pack owing to superior characteristics compared to other batteries, with the insight characteristics of high capacity of 19.5 Ah, continuous current of 19.5 A, mass of battery pack of 9.45 kg, and number of cells of 19, with total average energy consumption of 28.23 Wh km−1. This study is significant for the design and precise calculation of the battery's required power for new electric motorcycles.

Keywords

Electric motorcycle; Driving cycle test; Modeling and simulation; Energy consumption; Battery characteristic; Battery pack

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Publication Information
Published February 6, 2026
Section Articles
Copyright Copyright (c) 2026 Tan-Thich Do, Tan-Ngoc Dinh, Vinh-Dat Ly
Keywords
  • Electric motorcycle
  • Driving cycle test
  • Modeling and simulation
  • Energy consumption
  • Battery characteristic
  • Battery pack

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