Article Sidebar

Submitted
Nov 9, 2021
Published
Feb 15, 2022
Download
Pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 562 Download : 1456

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) contains flavonoids that have the potential as antioxidants. However, its hydrophilic characteristics cause poor penetration so that its bioavailability is low. Research had been carried out on the preparation of ethanol extract of cherry leaves in ethosomal vesicle carriers. This study aimed to obtain the optimal phytosome suspension formula. Methods: Sample extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol as a solvent and was delipidated was by liquid-liquid method with n-hexane. The characterization of the extract included organoleptic, water-soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content, water content, ash content, acid insoluble ash content, and residual solvent.  flavonoid contents were carried out by the TLC method and antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method. Phytosome preparation was prepared by solvent evaporation and thin film hidration with ratio of extract and phosphatidylcholine 1:1 with concentration of 0.5% (A); 1% (B); and 1.5% (C). The characterization included observing morphology of vesicles using optical microscope, determining the size distribution of vesicles using PSA, and calculating the sorption efficiency using a spectrophotometer at max 281 nm. Results: The characteristics of extract were dark green; thick; distinctive aroma; ethanol soluble content were 70.91%; water soluble content were 32.5%; water content were 1.19%; ash content were 1.25%; acid insoluble ash content were 0.49%; and the remaining solvent was 0. The identification of flavonoids showed positive results. The extract has flavonoids and strong antioxidant activity with 62.71 g/mL for IC50. The shape is single layer large vesicle (LUV), diameter was 445.7 nm (A); 420.7 nm (B); and 419.6 nm (C). Vesicle entrapment efficiency was 5.83% (A); 47.575% (B); and 68.81% (C). It can be concluded that the optimal phytosome suspension formula is C with 1.5% phosphatidylcholine and 1.5% of extract.

Keywords

Drug delivery system Vesicle Phytosome

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Angelina, M., Amelia, P., Irsyad, M., Meilawati, L., & Hanafi, M. (2015). Karakterisasi Ekstrak Etanol Herba Katumpangan Air ( Peperomia pellucida L . Kunth ) ( Characterization of Ethanol Extract from Katumpangan Air Herbs ( Peperomia). Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta.
  2. Ayuhastuti, A., Anisha N.A., & Siti R.F. (2017). Development of Phytosome – Black Tea Extract Complex by Different Methods and Study of Cholesterol’s Effect on Entrapment Efficiency, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, Vol.8(1), 0975-8585.
  3. Azzahra, L., & Musfiroh, I. (2018). Etosom sebagai Penghantar Obat Herbal Hidrofilik. Majalah Farmasetika. https://doi.org/10.24198/farmasetika.v3i4.23483
  4. Bendas, E.R. & Mina I.T. (2007). Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Salbutamol Sulfate via Ethosomes. AAPS Pharmacy Science and Technology, Vol.8 (4): 1–8.
  5. Binarjo, A., Yuwono, T., & Priyanti, R. (2015). Pengembangan Preparasi Nanopartikel Thymoquinone-Kitosan Dengan Metode Kosolven Menggunakan Isopropil Alkohol. Pharmaciana. https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v5i2.2363
  6. Deck, D.H., PharmD, Lisa. G., Winston, M. D. (2012). Chapter 47: Antimycobacterial Drugs. 2012. In: Katzung, B.G., Masters, S.B., et al. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 12th edition. In Basic and clinical Pharmacology.
  7. Dehpour, A. A., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., Fazel, N. S., & Mohammad, N. S. (2009). Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasas y aceites, 60(4), 405-412.
  8. Depkes, R. (2008). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
  9. Ditjen POM. (2000). Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat Cetakan Pertama. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
  10. Handayani, V., Ahmad, A. R., & Sudir, M. (2014). Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol bunga dan daun patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) RM Sm) menggunakan metode DPPH. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 1(2), 3.
  11. Hasanah, M., Andriani, N., & Noprizon, N. (2016). Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L.) Hasil Ekstraksi Maserasi Dan Refluks. Scientia : Jurnal Farmasi Dan Kesehatan. Https://Doi.Org/10.36434/Scientia.V6i2.52
  12. Isnawati, A., Alegantina, S., & Widowati, L. (2013). Karakterisasi ekstrak etanol biji klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) sebagai tanaman obat pelancar ASI. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan.
  13. Kalita, B., Das, M. K., & Sharma, A. K. (2013). Novel Phytosome formulations in making herbal extracts more effective. In Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.
  14. Kumar J. Ashok., Nikhila Pullakandam., S. Lakshmana Prabu., & V. Gopal. (2009). Transdermal Drug Delivery System: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, Vol. 3 (2).
  15. Kuntorini, E. M., Fitriana, S., & Astuti, D. (2013). Struktur Anatomi dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Daun Kersen ( Muntingia calabura ). Prosiding Semirata FMIPA Universitas Lampung.
  16. Lee, J., Koo, N., & Min, D. B. (2004). Reactive Oxygen Species, Aging, and Antioxidative Nutraceuticals. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2004.tb00058.x
  17. Lung, J. K. S., & Destiani, D. P. (2017). Uji aktivitas antioksidan vitamin A, C, E dengan metode DPPH. Farmaka, 15(1), 53-62.
  18. Molyneux, P. (2004). The Use of the Stable Free Radical Diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for Estimating Antioxidant Activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.6.2.144
  19. Philipot, J. R., & Francis S. (1995). Liposomes as Tools in Basic Research and Industry, CRC Press Inc. United States of America.
  20. Prasetyo, dan Inoriah, E. (2013). Pengelolaan Budidaya Tanaman Obat-Obatan (Bahan Simplisia). Badan Penerbitan Fakultas Pertanian, UNIB.
  21. Puspitasari, A. D., & Proyogo, L. S. (2016). Perbandingan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan sokletasi terhadap kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etanol daun kersen (Muntingia calabura). Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik, 13(2), 16-23.
  22. Ramadon, D., & Mun’im, A. (2017). Pemanfaatan nanoteknologi dalam sistem penghantaran obat baru untuk produk bahan alam. Jurnal ilmu kefarmasian Indonesia, 14(2), 118-127.
  23. Rasaie, S., Ghanbarzadeh, S., Mohammadi, M., & Hamishehkar, H. (2014). Nano phytosomes of quercetin: A promising formulation for fortification of food products with antioxidants. Pharmaceutical Sciences.
  24. Dahlia, A. A., & Ahmad, A. R. (2014). Penetapan kadar flavonoid total dari ekstrak etanolik daun benalu mangga (dendrophthoe pentandra l. miq). Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 1(1).
  25. Sherin, F., Saju, F., Jagadeesh, A., Syamasree, S., Paul, N., & Venugopal, A. (2019). Ethosome: A novel approach to enhance drug permeation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research.
  26. Simbala, H. E. (2009). Analisis senyawa alkaloid beberapa jenis tumbuhan obat sebagai bahan aktif fitofarmaka. Pacific Journal, 1(4), 489-494.
  27. Solichin, O. V. (2014). Uji Efektivitas Antioksidan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Terhadap Dpph (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil). Jurnal Mahasiswa Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran UNTAN, 1(1).
  28. Tahir, K. A., Sartini, S., & Lidjaja, A. (2016). Preparasi Fitosom Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Menggunakan Variasi Konsentrasi Fosfatidilkolin. Jurnal farmasi UIN Alauddin Makassar, 4(4), 159-164.
  29. Sutarna, T. H., Alatas, F., Ratih, H., Anggraeni, W., & Purnamasari, N. (2016). ‘Pengaruh penambahan vitamin C sebagai antioksidan terhadap nilai Sun Proctective Factor (SPF) dari Oktil Metoksisinamat.
  30. Utomo, A. D., Rahayu, W. S., & Dhiani, B. A. (2009). Pengaruh beberapa metode pengeringan terhadap kadar flavonoid total herba sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata). PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 6(01).
  31. Wulandari V., Dirayah R.H., Sartini, & Nur H. (2012). Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Beluntas Pluchea indica Less. Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Jurnal Ilmiah. Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.
  32. Juniarti Departemen Biokimia, F. K. (2011). Analisis senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak metanol daun surian yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Makara Journal of Science.