Main Article Content

Abstract

Indonesia is known have rich biodiversity, one of that is propolis. Propolis was an abundance bee product, especially from stingless bee species. Propolis has been known to have various health benefits, such as antioxidant and can maintain the immune system. However, comprehensive information regarding this potential is not widely known. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of propolis Trigona sp. as an antioxidant from Indonesia. This study uses a screening method in journals that have been found through the search systems of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Garuda. Classification of data was based on inclusion and exclusion by selecting research journals that do not meet the criteria. The results of the screening that have been carried out show that the flavonoid and phenolic compounds present in the propolis Trigona sp. has potential as an antioxidant. The flavonoid and phenolic compounds contained in the propolis Trigona sp. has an important role in absorbing free radicals and has the potential to be developed as a product.

Keywords

Propolis Antioxidant Stingless Bees Phenolic

Article Details

References

  1. Afroz, R., Tanvir, E. M., Paul, S., Bhoumik, N. C., Gan, S. H., & Khalil, M. I. (2016). DNA Damage Inhibition Properties of Sundarban Honey and its Phenolic Composition. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 40(4), 436–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12240
  2. Agus, A., Agussalim, N., Umami, N., & Budisatria, I. G. S. (2019). Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid and vitamin C content of several honeys produced by the Indonesian stingless bee: Tetragonula laeviceps. Livestock Research for Rural Development., 31.
  3. Apriantini, A., & Budiman, C. (2021). Pengaruh Ekstrak Propolis sebagai Edible Coating terhadap Karakteristik Kimia dan Aktifitas Antioksidan Daging Sapi pada Penyimpanan Suhu Ruang. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi Dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan, 9(2), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.9.2.72-78
  4. Arung, E. T., Syafrizal, S., Pasedan, W. F., Tandirogang, N., Sukemi, S., Allam, A. E., Amen, Y., Shimizu, K., & Ishikawa, H. (2020). Prenylated Flavonoids as Antioxidant and Melanin Inhibitors from Stingless Bee (Wallacetrigona incisa) Propolis. Natural Product Communications, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X20911272
  5. Azlan, A., Yoza, D., & Mardiansyah, M. (2016). Tingkat Keberhasilan Perpindahan Koloni Trigona Spp. Pada Sarang Buatan Di Hutan Larangan Adat Desa Rumbio Kabupaten Kampar. Jom Faperta UR, 3(2), 1–7.
  6. Aziz, A., Yuliawan, V. N., & Kustiawan, P. M. (2021). Identification of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity of non-polar fraction from Heterotrigona itama propolis. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.18196/jfaps.v2i1.12406
  7. Batistuta, M. A., Aulia, A., & Kustiawan, P. M. (2021). Potensi Aktivitas AntiVirus dari Produk Alami Lebah Kelulut. Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, 10(2), 144-148. https://doi.org/10.24843/JFU.2021.v10.i02.p06
  8. Chan, G. C. F., Cheung, K. W., & Sze, D. M. Y. (2013). The immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of propolis. Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology, 44(3), 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-012-8322-2
  9. Dewi, S. R., Argo, B. D., & Ulya, N. (2018). Kandungan Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Pleurotus ostreatus. Rona Teknik Pertanian, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v11i1.9571
  10. Do, Q. D., Angkawijaya, A. E., Tran-Nguyen, P. L., Huynh, L. H., Soetaredjo, F. E., Ismadji, S., & Ju, Y. H. (2014). Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 22(3), 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.11.001
  11. Fachri, B. A., Rizkiana, M. F., & Muharja, M. (2020). A Kinetic Study on Supercritical Carbon-dioxide Extraction of Indonesian Trigona sp. Propolis. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 742(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012001
  12. Fachri, B. A., Sari, P., Yuwanti, S., & Subroto, E. (2020). Experimental study and modeling on supercritical CO2 extraction of Indonesian raw propolis using response surface method: Influence of pressure, temperature and CO2 mass flowrate on extraction yield. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 153, 452–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2019.11.014
  13. Fikri, A. M., Sulaeman, A., Marliyati, S. A., & Fahrudin, M. (2019). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of stingless bee propolis from Indonesia. Journal of Apicultural Science, 63(1), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2019-0012
  14. Hasan, A. E. Z., Sunarti, D. M. T. C., Suparno, O., & Setiyono, A. (2013). Kstraksi Propolis Menggunakan Cara Maserasi Dengan Pelarut Etanol 70% Dan Pemanasan Gelombang Mikro Serta Karakterisasinya Sebagai Bahan Antikanker Payudara. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 23(1), 13–21.
  15. Hasan, A. E. Z., Mangunwidjaja, D., Sunarti, T. C., Suparno, O., & Setiyono, A. (2014). Investigating the antioxidant and anticytotoxic activities of propolis collected from five regions of Indonesia and their abilities to induce apoptosis. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 26(5), 390–398. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v26i5.16549
  16. Kurnia, N. H., & Taufikurohmah, T. (2017). Pengaruh Penambahan Nanosilver Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Nanogold Dalam Meredam Radikal Bebas. UNESA Journal of Chemistry, 6(3), 161–165.
  17. Huliselan, Y. M., Runtuwene, M. R. J., & Wewengkang, D. S. (2015). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol, Etil Asetat, Dan n-Heksan Dari Daun Sesewanua (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl.). Pharmacon, 4(3), 155–163.
  18. Ibrahim, N., Zakaria, A. J., Ismail, Z., & Mohd, K. S. (2016). Antibacterial and phenolic content of propolis produced by two Malaysian stingless bees, Heterotrigona itama and Geniotrigona thoracica. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8(1), 156–161.
  19. Januarti, I. B., Wijayanti, R., Wahyuningsih, S., & Nisa, Z. (2019). Potensi Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz &Pav) Sebagai Antioksidan Dan Antibakteri. JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 4(2), 60. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v4i2.27206
  20. Jaya, F. (2017). Produk-prosuk lebah madu dan hasil olahannya. UB Press.
  21. Kairupan, C. F., Mantiri, F. R., & H Rumende, R. R. (2019). Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn) as an Antihyperlipidemic and Antiatherosclerotic Agent. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 217(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/217/1/012016
  22. Kedare, S. B., & Singh, R. P. (2011). Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48(4), 412–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0251-1
  23. Khairunnisa, B., Rosamah, E., Kuspradini, H., Kusuma, I. W., Tandirogang, N., & Arung, E. T. (2020). Uji Fitokimia Dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Lebah Kelulut (Tetragonula iridipennis) Dari Samarinda. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 6(1), 65–69.
  24. Khairunnisa, K., Mardawati, E., & Putri, S. H. (2020). Karakteristik Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Propolis Lebah Trigona Sp. Jurnal Industri Pertanian, 2(1), 124–129.
  25. Kumar, S., & Pandey, Abhay, K. (2013). Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview. The Scientific World Journal, 58(4), 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750
  26. Kuropatnicki, A. K., Szliszka, E., & Krol, W. (2013). Historical aspects of propolis research in modern times. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/964149
  27. Kustiawan, P. M., Aziz, A., & Yuliawan, V. N. (2022). Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Various Fractions of Heterotrigona itama Propolis Found in Kutai Kartanegara. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(A), 531-534. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7766
  28. Macías-Pérez, J. R., Beltrán-Ramírez, O., Vásquez-Garzón, V. R., Salcido-Neyoy, M. E., Martínez-Soriano, P. A., Ruiz-Sánchez, M. B., Ángeles, E., & Villa-Treviño, S. (2013). The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogues in a modified resistant hepatocyte model. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 24(4), 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0b013e32835e9743
  29. Nafi, N. M., Zin, N. B. M., Pauzi, N., Khadar, A. S. A., Anisava, A. R., Badiazaman, A. A. M., & Mohd, K. S. (2019). Cytotoxicity, antioxidant and phytochemical screening of propolis extracts from four different Malaysian stingless bee species. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 15(2–1), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n2-1.1542
  30. Zahra, N.N, Muliasari, H., Andayani, Y., & Sudarma, I,M. (2021). Analisis Kadar Fenolik Total Dan Aktivitas Antiradikal Bebas Madu Dan Propolis Trigona Sp. Asal Lombok Utara. Analit:Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, 6(01), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.23960/aec.v6.i1.2021.p74-82
  31. Nusa, C. P., Sulaeman, A., & Marliyati, S. A. (2015). Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antiemesis Ekstrak dan Mikrokapsul Propolis Trigona itama. Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition, 5(2), 74–84.
  32. Omojate, G., Enwa, F., Jewo, A., & Eze, C. (2014). Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Actions of Phytochemicals against Enteric Pathogens – A Review. J Pharm Chem Biol Sci, 2(1), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219747209000302
  33. Pratama, M., Muflihunna, A., & Octaviani, N. (2018). Analisis Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Propolis Yang Beredar Di Kota Makassar Dengan Metode Frap (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). Jurnal Ilmiah As-Syifaa, 10(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.33096/jifa.v10i1.312
  34. Pratami, D. K., Desmiaty, Y., & Simorangkir, E. M. (2021). Standardisasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Bahan Alam Propolis untuk Terapi Infeksi SARS-CoV2 (Standardization and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Extract for SARS-CoV2 Infection Therapy). 19(2), 272–280.
  35. Pujirahayu, N., Bhattacharjya, D. K., Suzuki, T., & Katayama, T. (2019). α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of cycloartane-type triterpenes isolated from indonesian stingless bee propolis and their structure-activity relationship. Pharmaceuticals, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ph12030102
  36. Rasmussen, C., & Gonzalez, V. H. (2017). The neotropical stingless bee genus Nannotrigona Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini): An illustrated key, notes on the types, and designation of lectotypes. Zootaxa, 4299(2), 191–220. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4299.2.2
  37. Rosli, N. L., Roslan, H., Omar, E. A., Mokhtar, N., Hapit, N. H. A., & Asem, N. (2016). Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of Trigona Apicalis propolis extract. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1791(December 2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4968873
  38. Rosyidi, D., Eka Radiati, L., Minarti, S., Mustakim, M., Susilo, A., Jaya, F., & Azis, A. (2018). Perbandingan Sifat Antioksidan Propolis pada Dua Jenis Lebah (Apis mellifera dan Trigona sp.) di Mojokerto dan Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak, 13(2), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitek.2018.013.02.5
  39. Saefudin, S., Marusin, S., & Chairul, C. (2013). Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Enam Jenis Tumbuhan Sterculiaceae (Antioxidan Activity on Six Species of Sterculiaceae Plants). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 31(2), 103–109.
  40. Şahin, A., Kaya, S., Türkcü, G., Cingü, A. K., Yüksel, H., Türkcü, F. M., Yüksel, H., Çinar, Y., Ari, Ş., Şahin, M., Çaça, I., & Gökalp, O. (2013). The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in acute methanol toxicity on rat retina and optic nerve. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 32(4), 263–267. https://doi.org/10.3109/15569527.2013.771642
  41. Sativa, N., & Agustin, R. (2018). Analisis Uji Kadar Senyawa Dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Propolis Coklat Dari Lebah Trigona Sp. Jagros : Jurnal Agroteknologi Dan Sains (Journal of Agrotechnology Science), 2(2), 61. https://doi.org/10.52434/jagros.v2i2.435
  42. Shah, P., & Modi, H. A. (2015). Comparative Study of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP Assays for Determination of Antioxidant Activity. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 3(6), 636–641.
  43. Stanković, M., & Radovanović, D. (2012). Oxidative stress and physical activity. Sportlogia, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5550/sgia.120801.en.001s
  44. Syahara, S., & Vera, Y. (2020). Penyuluhan Pemanfaatan Buah Tomat Sebagai Produk Kosmetik Antioksidan Alami Di Desa Manunggang Julu. Education and Development Institut, 8(1), 21–22.
  45. Teixeira, J., Gaspar, A., Garrido, E. M., Garrido, J., & Borges, F. (2013). Hydroxycinnamic acid antioxidants: An electrochemical overview. BioMed Research International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/251754
  46. Thamrin, A., Erwin, & Syafrizal. (2016). Uji Fitokimia , Toksisitas Serta Antioksidan Ekstrak Propolis Pembungkus Madu Lebah Trigona Incisa Dengan Metode 2 , 2- diphenyl -1- picrylhidrazyl ( DPPH ). Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman, 14(1), 54–60.
  47. Tolba, M. F., Azab, S. S., Khalifa, A. E., Abdel-Rahman, S. Z., & Abdel-Naim, A. B. (2013). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a promising component of propolis with a plethora of biological activities: A review on its anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. IUBMB Life, 65(8), 699–709. https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.1189
  48. Tolba, M. F., Omar, H. A., Azab, S. S., Khalifa, A. E., Abdel-Naim, A. B., & Abdel-Rahman, S. Z. (2016). Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester: A Review of Its Antioxidant Activity, Protective Effects against Ischemia-reperfusion Injury and Drug Adverse Reactions. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56(13), 2183–2190. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.821967
  49. Toreti, V. C., Sato, H. H., Pastore, G. M., & Park, Y. K. (2013). Recent progress of propolis for its biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/697390
  50. Yoncheva, K., Tzankova, V., Yordanov, Y., Tzankov, B., Grancharov, G., Aluani, D., Bankova, V., Popova, M., Trusheva, B., Kondeva-Burdina, M., & Petrov, P. (2019). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester loaded block copolymer micelles. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 33(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2018.1537753
  51. Yuliana, N. D., Wijaya, C. H., & Nasrullah, N. (2013). Classification of Trigona spp bee propolis from four regions in Indonesia using FTIR metabolomics approach. 13th Asean Food Conference 2013, September, 9–11.
  52. Zahra, N. N., Muliasari, H., Andayani, Y., & Sudarma, I. M. (2021). Analisis Kadar Fenolik Total Dan Aktivitas Antiradikal Bebas Madu Dan Propolis Trigona Sp. Asal Lombok Utara. Analit: Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, 6(1), 74–82.