Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis

POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF HERBAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS AGAINST CLTA-4 RECEPTOR THROUGH IN-SILICO

Darlene Nabila Zetta — 2025-04-30

Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment that enhances the body's immune system by targeting immune checkpoint receptors. One of these receptors, CTLA-4, suppresses the activity of T lymphocytes. Several active compounds derived from herbs, including astragaloside IV, flindersine, n-butylidenephthalide, and xanthorrhizol, have demonstrated potential in anticancer immunotherapy. The objective of this study is to investigate the interaction between these active compounds and the CTLA-4 receptor using molecular docking simulation. This experimental research was conducted from January – June 2023 in the pharmaceutical chemistry laboratory at Al-Irsyad Cilacap University with methods including ligand and receptor preparation, blind molecular docking, RMSD validation, and visualization of the structure. Our findings indicate that all four active compounds can interact with the CTLA-4 receptor and inhibit it with bond energies of astragaloside IV -7.3, flindersine -5.7, n-butylidenephthalide -5.0, and xanthorrhizol -4.9, at RMSD 0. However, the interaction does not involve the same amino acid residues as the comparator ligand ipilimumab due to differences in bond area.

EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF OIL PALM LEAF EXTRACT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) AS A MOSQUITO BIOLARVACIDE Aedes aegypti

Deni Setiawan — 2025-04-30

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease that is transmitted by female mosquito species Aedes aegypti which has spread all over the world. Efforts to control the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector by using natural biolarvicides using oil palm leaf extract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oil palm leaf extract (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as a biolarvicide for the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This study employs 600 Aedes aegypti larvae in an experimental post-test only control group design. Concentrations of oil palm leaf extract (OPLE) ranging from 1000 to 4000 ppm, using temephos as a positive control and aquadest as a negative control. The mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae was calculated every 1 hour during the 48-hour observation period. SPSS was used to analyse data to determine the concentrations of LC₉₀ and LT₅₀. The results of this study indicate the probit analysis value (LC₉₀) of Aedes aegypti larvae is 2190 ppm with time (LT₅₀) the fastest concentration of killing 4000 ppm with a time of 37,183 hours. Based on the results of research, oil palm leaf extract (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has a biolarvicidal effect on the larvae of the third instar Aedes aegypti mosquito.

IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY OF DRUG MANAGEMENT AT PHARMACY INSTALLATION OF HARAPAN INSAN SENDAWAR HOSPITAL BY REVIEWING SUPPORTING MANAGEMENT THROUGH SWOT APPROACH

AgustiQori Al-Mubarak — 2025-04-30

Optimal drug management and drug inventory control can minimize costs and the number of orders in the next planning period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate drug management in the Pharmacy Installation of Harapan Insan Sendawar Hospital with SWOT analysis improvement strategies. The research design was descriptive based on retrospective and concurrent data. All quantitative data were compared with the indicators of The Department of Health (2008), WHO (1993), Minister of Health Regulation (2013), and Pudjaningsih in Satibi (2022). Furthermore, qualitative analysis was carried out with a SWOT approach as an alternative improvement strategy in the Pharmacy Installation based on quantitative data output and internal capital and external influences. The results of the study that meet the standards are: the level of drug availability (15,6 months) and the average prescription service time (non-compounded prescription 23,37 minutes & prescription 39,8 minutes). Results that did not meet the standard were: percentage of stock card matches with drugs (94,73%), inventory turnover ratio (2,22 times), percentage of expired drugs (4,7%), percentage of dead stock (8,97%), number of drug items per prescription sheet (3,57 items), percentage of generic drug prescriptions (76,25%). SWOT analysis of the pharmacy installation falls within the first quadrant, namely focusing on development, improving services and establishing cooperation. The conclusion drawn is that pharmacy installations can adopt aggressive strategies by enhancing the development of management information systems to optimize inventory control.

POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF FALOAK BARK (STERCULIA QUADRIFIDA R. BR) AS AN HERBAL PLANT FROM EAST NUSA TENGGARA: A SCOPING REVIEW

Shofiatul Fuadah — 2025-04-30

Faloak bark (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br) is part of the faloak plant, which has been used for a long time in traditional medicine to treat a variety of medical conditions. Faloak bark is claimed to possess medicinal properties that can treat liver, kidney, and bladder diseases, cure gastroenteritis, hepatitis, anemia, malaria, back pain, and function as an energy booster. Recent studies in pharmacology have found that faloak bark has several interesting biological properties, thus strengthening its potential as a new source of active ingredients for pharmaceutical development. This study literature aims to provide a concise overview of the evaluations of the secondary metabolite chemicals found in faloak bark, thus highlighting their potential pharmacological properties. To find articles for the review of the pharmacological activities of faloak bark, a search was conducted on research journal databases using Publish or Perish 8, and 43 papers relevant to the evaluation were found. Literature review showed that faloak bark contains many different chemicals, such as alkaloids, gallic acid derivatives, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, triterpenoids, quinone, glycoside, as well as isolates of 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho[1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione, and 2-iminoethyl 2-(1-hydroxypentan-2-yl) phenyl) acetate. Faloak bark has such pharmacological properties as antiaging, antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-dengue, antifungal, anti-hepatitis C, anti-hyperglycemia, anticancer, antimalarial, antioxidant, antipyretic, and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, faloak bark has considerable potential for the advancement of herbal remedies.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR QUALITY DETERMINANT OF NATURAL BAR SOAP WITH BINAHONG LEAF EXTRACT AND LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL

Hanifah Karimatulhajj — 2025-04-30

There are two kinds of coconut oil in market that could be a natural soap base, filtered and unfiltered coconut oil that made the differences in fatty acid levels. In the previous study, the unfiltered coconut oil has the higher fatty acid than filtered coconut oil. It might could decrease pH level in the bar soap. It could appear caused by the excess of free fatty acid in the soap that not react with the lye and peroxidation may occur than made the rancid smell in the bar soap during the storage. In addition, the use of herbal component like plant extract and essential oil would contribute to pH level and water content of the soap that could affect the soap quality. Both parameters must be evaluated to determine the bar soap quality. This study used herbal extract of binahong leaf and sereh wangi essential oil. There was divided to the four groups: formula 1 using filtered coconut oil and herbal extract, formula 2 using unfiltered coconut oil with herbal extract, formula 3 using filtered coconut oil without herbal extract, and formula 4 using non filtered coconut oil. The quality of the natural soap was evaluated for organoleptic, the pH level, moisture content, and the TLC Profile of the bar soap solution. All formulas were evaluated and all of them had green and white porcelain colour, hard soap, a pH between 9-10 on day 38, moisture content up to 15,5%, so from SNI 2021 the soap had a good quality.