Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis

FORMULATION AND ACTIVITY TESTS OF NANOEMULSION OF TURMERIC RHIZOME (CURCUMA LONGA L) EXTRACT FOR METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) BACTERIA

Arini Syarifah, Wafiqotul Azizah, Galar Sigit Prasuma — Sat, 07 Dec 2024 17:03:18 +0000

Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L) contains the main active compound curcumin, which has antibacterial activity which inhibits Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Developing a nanoemulsion formula for turmeric rhizome extract can overcome bacterial resistance by protecting the active substance from degradation and blocking the efflux pump in bacteria. This research aims to create a nanoemulsion formulation and determine the activity of turmeric rhizome extract nanoemulsion against MRSA bacteria in vitro. Method: Turmeric rhizomes were extracted using the maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The technique of nanoemulsion preparation was by using the spontaneous emulsification method with varying extract concentrations of 1.25% (F1), 2.50% (F2), and 3.75% (F3). Evaluation of the physical characteristics of nanoemulsions includes particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, viscosity, and pH. In vitro activity test of turmeric rhizome extract nanoemulsion using the diffusion method against MRSA bacteria. The turmeric rhizome extraction process produces a yield value of 14.3%. The best formula for turmeric rhizome extract nanoemulsion is F1 with a viscosity value of 134.6 ± 21.3 Cps, pH value of 6.34, particle size value of 33.4 ± 12.8 nm, polydispersity index of 0.407 ± 0.01, zeta potential -14.2±2.9 mV. Turmeric extract nanoemulsion can inhibit the growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an inhibition zone of 11.00 mm at F3. Conclusion: Curcumin can be formulated in a nanoemulsion system without providing significant changes in organoleptic tests, viscosity, pH, nanoemulsion type tests, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Turmeric extract nanoemulsion has an antibacterial effect against MRSA in vitro.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PURIFIED EXTRACT OF AFRICAN LEAVES (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) AGAINST Escherichia coli

Fri, 13 Dec 2024 03:02:48 +0000

The African leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) is an Indonesian plant used by the community as a traditional medicine. V.amygdalina contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids which have antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and the most effective concentration of purified extracts of V.amygdalina against the Escherichia coli bacteria. V.amygdalina simplicia was extracted using the maceration method. Ethanolic extract V.amygdalina was tested for the quality of the extract parameters and purified. Then, the purified extract V.amygdalina was tested for phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria by well-diffusion with concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50%. The result of the quality parameter test for ethanolic extract V.amygdalina meets the requirements of specific and non-specific parameters. Purified extract V.amygdalina positively contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Antibacterial activity of 0.05% chloramphenicol and purified extract V.amygdalina concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50% against Escherichia coli bacteria had inhibition of 23.42 mm, 8.40± 0.315 mm, 9.44± 0.543 mm, and 11.59 ± 1,640 mm. The produced most effective inhibition was at a concentration of 50%. The results showed that the purified extract of V.amygdalina has antibacterial activity in the moderate to strong category, and the most effective concentration against Escherichia coli bacteria is the concentration of 50%.

ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PNEUMONIA PATIENTS AT GUNUNG JATI REGIONAL HOSPITAL INSTALLATIONS, CIREBON

Mon, 16 Dec 2024 14:44:28 +0000

Pneumonia patients with complex diseases require a variety of drugs so the possibility of drug interactions also increases. This study aims to determine patient characteristics, potential drug interactions, severity, description of the type of drug and number of interacting drugs, as well as the relationship between patient characteristics and drug interactions. This type of research is a retrospective analytical descriptive study. The research sample was the medical records of patients diagnosed with pneumonia who met the inclusion criteria. Determination of drug interactions using the Medscape application. The analysis uses a correlation test to determine the relationship between the number of drugs and comorbidities with potential drug interactions. The characteristics of patients based on age are 46-65 years (36%), the majority of gender is male (52%), the number of drugs most frequently used is ≥ 5 types of drugs (94%), the predominant comorbidity is asthma (19.3%). The number of potential drug interactions occurred in 60 patients (67%) out of a total of 90 pneumonia patients. The highest level of severity of potential drug interactions was 55.2%. The type and number of drugs that interacted most were dexamethasone with omeperazole (13.2%). The results of the Chi Square correlation test obtained a significance value of 0.00 where the significance result was <0.05, so it was concluded that the number of drugs used and comorbidities with drug interactions was correlated with an R value of 0.477, which means the correlation between the number of drugs used and comorbidities has a moderate level of correlation.

COMPARISON OF PHENOLIC CONTENT OF RED GINGER (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) AT DIFFERENT GROWING LOCATIONS

Alfira Rizky, Anita Agustina Styawan — Wed, 18 Dec 2024 15:27:51 +0000

Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) as a traditional medicine can be used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, lower cholesterol, prevent impotence, depression, and others. The rhizome of the red ginger plant has different phenolic levels in each region. To find out the comparison of the levels of these compounds, an examination was carried out with UV-Vis’s spectrophotometry. The purpose of this research was to determine the comparison of phenolic content of red ginger from different growing locations, namely from Wonosobo Regency and Karanganyar Regency. This research used samples of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade), as much as 500 grams of red ginger simplisia extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent in ratio of 1:5. Quantitative analysis phenolic content using UV-Vis’s spectrophotometry methode. The results of quantitative tests using UV-Vis’s spectrophotometry obtained a significant comparison of the total phenolic content of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) from Wonosobo Regency of 0.49% v/b and red ginger from Karanganyar Regency of 0.47% v/b

ANALYSIS OF LYCOPENE CONTENT IN RED GUAVA JUICE (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) BY VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Aprilia Asri Hastuti Asri Hastuti, Crescentiana Emy Dhurhania — Sun, 22 Dec 2024 09:22:05 +0000

Red guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a fruit that is rich in phytochemicals that are beneficial for health and is widely consumed in the form of juice. Lycopene belongs to the carotenoid group which has antioxidant potential and has an important role in the immune system to deal with homeostatic changes caused by oxidative stress. Lycopene is contained in a lot of red fruit. The purpose of this study was to analyze the lycopene content in red guava juice by visible spectrophotometry. Red guava juice extracted using n-hexane:acetone:methanol 1:2:1. Qualitative analysis was carried out by observing the spectrum, then measuring the maximum wavelength, which was supported by observing the spots by thin layer chromatography on silica gel 60 GF₂₅₄ plate using petroleum ether:acetone 9:1. Quantitative analysis was carried out by measuring absorbance by visible spectrophotometry at 470 nm. The results of qualitative analysis by visible spectrophotometry obtained 3 typical peaks of the lycopene spectrum at 400-550 nm, with a typical maximum wavelength of lycopene at 470 nm. Qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography obtained spot with Rf 0.64. The results of quantitative analysis obtained lycopene levels of 2.91 ± 0.465 mg/100 grams of juice.

ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GREEN TEA (Camellia sinensis) WITH VARIATIONS IN TYPE AND BREWING

Nina Salamah, Silvia Ferry Widi Astuti, Nur Aulia Ar Rahma, Any Guntarti — Sun, 22 Dec 2024 16:41:29 +0000

Free radicals can react to cause damage when they enter the human body. The use of antioxidants can neutralize free radicals in the body. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid levels and antioxidant activity in premium and original green tea with variations in brewing temperature. Green tea produced by Kulon Progo is brewed with aquadest at 75 ℃ and 100 ℃, and then the filtrate obtained is ground by freeze-drying. Identification of flavonoid compounds using the flavanoid-ammonia vapor color complex. The total flavonoid levels analysis using UV-vis spectrophotometry and antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) method. Based on the test results, the highest to lowest total flavonoid levels were premium green tea at 100 ℃ original at 100 ℃, original at 75 ℃, and premium at 75 ℃ (155.095 ± 3.158; 153.333 ± 2.788; 151.7181 ± 4.944; and 148.634 ± 2,095 mgQE/gram extract). The highest to lowest potential antioxidant activity, respectively, is quercetin (flavonoid standard), premium green tea at 100 °C, premium at 75 °C, original at 100 °C, and original at 75 °C, with IC₅₀ values of 3.0692 ± 1.064; 32.359 ± 7.346; 31.502 ± 6.746; 27.527 ± 7.868; and 27.167 ± 1.817 μg/mL. Analysis of the total flavonoids of green tea showed that the highest levels were in premium green tea at a temperature of 100 °C. An antioxidant activity test with the DPPH reagent produced the highest antioxidant potential in premium green tea at 100 °C. So premium green tea at a brewing temperature of 100 °C is more recommended to consumers.

(2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) ASSAY of KENIKIR LEAVES (C. caudatus K.), BELUNTAS LEAVES (Pluchea indica L.), AND PURPLE CORN (Zea mays) AS A SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 15:38:07 +0000

The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Kenikir (C. caudatus K.), Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.), and purple corn seed (Zea mays L.) in an effort to find new sources of antioxidants. The samples were extracted with a 96% ethanol as the solvent. Afterward, the extract was separated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate to get ethyl acetate fraction. The antioxidant concentration was determined using the DPPH free radical technique using spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The results indicate that the purple corn's ethyl acetate fraction has the highest antioxidant activity as a free-radical scavenger, with an IC₅₀value of 10.47 . The ethyl acetate fraction of P. indica leaves, the P. indica 96% ethanol extract, the C. caudatus leaves 96% ethanol extract, the purple corn's 96% ethanol extract, and the P. indica 96% ethanol extract are all listed after that. The purple corn's 96% ethanol extract has an IC₅₀ value of 21.80 . According to these findings, purple corn has the highest antioxidant activity and may be a new source of antioxidants.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SEMBALUN ARABIC COFFEE (Coffea arabica) ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR REDUCING OBESITY

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 16:55:55 +0000

Obesity has become a global public health and nutrition problem, both in developed and developing countries. Based on the latest Riskesdas data in 2018, the prevalence of obesity in adults aged >18 years is still increasing, at 21.8%. Arabica coffee (Coffea Arabica) has active compounds such as caffeine, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that can be used to reduce the risk of causing obesity. This study aims to determine the decrease in obesity index of wistar male white rats given ethanol extract of arabica coffee beans for 24 days in obese model rats induced with high fat diet for 50 days. Extraction was carried out on Arabica coffee beans using 96% ethanol solvent for 3x24 hours by maceration method. The treatment was carried out with extract doses of 200 (D1), 400 (D2), and 600 (D3) mg/kg BW for 24 days. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control given 1% CMC, positive control given orlistat 30 mg/kg BW, control group given ethanol extract of Arabica coffee beans at a dose of 200 (D1) mg/kg BW, 400 (D2) mg/kg BW, and 600 (D3) mg/kg BW. Obesity parameters were measured by Lee index and fat index. Arabica coffee extract (ACE) at a dose of D1 mg/kg BW showed a decrease in body weight of 47.88%, higher than the dose of D2 by (23.49%) and D3 by (14.00%). Caffeine contained in Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica) shows potential as an obesity inhibiting agent. The effective dose of ethanol extract from Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica) which has the effect of lowering the obesity index is in the D2 group.