Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis

OPTIMIZATION OF DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM TRANSDERMAL PATCH FORMULA USING A COMBINATION OF POLYVYNIL PYRROLIDONE K 30, ETHYL CELLULOSE AND MENTHOL WITH SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN METHOD

Sahrul Gunawan, Supriyadi Supriyadi, Ilham Kuncahyo — Sat, 20 Jan 2024 11:12:26 +0000

Diclofenac potassium is one of the NSAID drugs which can cause gastrointestinal irritation and damage to the small intestinal mucosa including erosion and ulceration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of PVP K 30, ethyl cellulose and menthol on organoleptic, thickness, weight uniformity, moisture and folding resistance of diclofenac potassium transdermal patch.This research is an experimental study that includes an experiment to optimize the formulation of a transdermal patch preparation with the active ingredient potassium diclofenac and a combination of PVP K 30, ethyl cellulose and menthol. The optimization method uses the simplex lattice design method. There are 13 formula designs consisting of a combination of PVP K 30, ethyl cellulose and menthol. Each formula was tested for organoleptic, thickness, weight uniformity, moisture and folding resistance. Then the optimum formula was determined and analyzed using the simplex lattice design method. The combination of PVP K 30, ethyl cellulose and menthol with a simplex lattice design has an effect on the transdermal patch of diclofenac potassium which increases the consistency of the patch surface, reduces the thickness directly proportional to the weight of the patch and increases folding resistance. The proportion of PVP K 30, ethyl cellulose and menthol that can produce the optimum formula for diclofenac potassium transdermal patches with the simplex lattice design on the critical parameters of thickness, moisture, folding resistance and penetration tests, namely PVP K 30 of 14.87%, ethyl cellulose of 10.00% and 5.13% menthol.

IN SILICO STUDIES FOR ANTI-BREAST CANCER ACMELLA OLERACEA (L.) FLOWERS

Muhammad Shofi Amrilah, Rifqi Hilman — Sat, 20 Jan 2024 15:15:38 +0000

The study of the efficacy of Acmella oleracea (L.) flowers on breast cancer is still in its early stages. The molecular interaction mechanisms underlying Acmella oleracea's anti-breast cancer activity will be elucidated using in-silico analysis. For this study, seventeen bioactive compounds were used: spilanthol, alpha- and beta-amyrin ester, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, alpha-1-sitosterol, 3-acetylaleuritic acid, scopoletin, vanillic acid, trans-ferulic, (72,9E)-2-oxo-undeca-7,9-dienyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate, beta-caryophyllene, beta-pinene, myrcene, caryophyllene oxide, and limone Canonical smiles were obtained from PubChem and inserted into the PASS server to determine biological activity. Several compounds were docked with protein targets, such as ESR1, MAP2K2, and PGR. We used Pyrx 0.8 software for anchoring molecular interaction and Discovery Studio software to visualize the complex binding. In terms of Antineoplastic, apoptosis agonist, caspase-3, caspase-8 stimulant, ovulation inhibitor, steroid synthesis inhibitor, and TP53 expression enhancer, all the compounds tested positive for anticancer activity. According to Swiss ADME and protox analysis, Acmella oleracea flowers have the potential to modulate apoptosis and cell growth. More research is required to confirm the role of Acmella oleracea bioactive compounds in developing target cancers. The study reveals that Acmella oleracea has numerous bioactive chemicals advantageous for cancer therapy by inducing apoptosis through interaction with ESR1, MAPK2, and PGR protein.

POTENTIAL KETAPANG (Terminalia cattapa) LEAF EXTRACT AS A DOXORUBICIN CO-CHEMOTHERAPY AGENT ON BREAST (T47D) AND CERVIX (HeLa) CANCER CELL LINES

Elza Sundhani, Senja Nur Solehah, Binaripan Septiadi, Nunuk Aries Nurulita — Mon, 29 Jan 2024 06:34:08 +0000

Doxorubicin (DOX) is chemotherapy for breast and cervical cancer with serious side effects. Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa) is a potential plant as a co-chemotherapy agent. The purpose of this research was to examine the sensitivity of DOX as a cytotoxicity drug in combination with ethanolic extracts of ketapang leaves (EKL) against T47D and HeLa cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT assay, with DOX concentration series (0.625-40 nM for T47D and 0.5-6 M for HeLa) and EKL (50-1000 mg/mL) used in combination with the study. DOX and EKL combination assays utilizing their respective IC₅₀ values were performed in T47D cells and HeLa cells, and the results were used to calculate the Combination Index (CI). Furthermore, the doubling time method was used to investigate the combination of DOX and EKL proliferation inhibition on both cell lines. DOX and EKL had IC₅₀ values of 158 nM and 30 mg/mL for T47D, respectively, and 3.4 M and 640 mg/mL for HeLa cell growth. While DOX and EKL have a synergistic effect on T47D cells, their combined effect on HeLa cells is cytotoxic and dose-dependent. EKL increases the inhibitory effect of DOX on the proliferation of T47D and HeLa cancer cells. In T47D cells, the combination of DOX and EKL has a higher potential for cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity than in HeLa cells

TRACING THE ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITIES OF ROOT EXTRACT BAJAKAH TAMPALA (SPATHOLOBUS LITTORALIS HASSK)

Wed, 31 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Biofilm is a common causative factor for urinary tract infections due to catheter usage with a percentage of infection around 70-80%. The Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) is one of native plants of Kalimantan which contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins which are proven to accelerate wound healing, have antibacterial activity, and have very high and strong antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of bajakah root extract (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) on catheter colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans and to determine their mechanism of action in vitro. This research is carried out with an in vitro experimental study design using a microplate reader. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) had antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a concentration of 1% w/v of 88.33% ± 0.01 and anti-biofilm activity of 82.21% ± 0.01. E. Coli bacteria had an antibacterial activity of 84.83% and an anti-biofilm activity of 80.11 at a concentration of 1% w/v. C. albicans had an antifungal activity at a concentration of 1% w/v of 82.31% ± 0.01 and anti-biofilm activity of 77.00% ± 0.01. From these results it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) has antibacterial and antifungal activities and the potential as a new anti-biofilm agent against S.aureus, E. coli and C. albicans

APPLICATION OF LAKES SYSTEM IN PREPARATION OF HAIR DYES POMADE CREAM OF FREEZE-DRIED RED DRAGON (Hylocereus polyrhizus) FRUIT PEEL JUICE AND ACUTE DERMAL IRRITATION

Wed, 31 Jan 2024 15:22:56 +0000

Dyes used in market products are mostly synthetic, which can irritate the skin and in the long term increase the risk of skin cancer. The peel of dragon fruit contains the red-violet pigment Betacyanin, which is potential as hair dyes but extremely sensitive to light and oxygen. The lakes system is the option to overcome the problem and increase the stability of pigments. The objective of this study was to learn about the use of the lakes system in the preparation of hair dyes pomade cream of freeze-dried red dragon fruit peel juice and its irritation aspect on skin. The lakes system was made with a 50% red dragon fruit peel juice, mixed with 5% alucol, then dried with 45% aerosil. Pomade cream was prepared by mixing oil phase and water phase at a temperature of ±60 °C with continuous mixing in 600 rpm for 10 minutes. Formula III is the bases without freeze-dried red dragon fruit peel juice. The non-lakes system of freeze-dried red dragon fruit peel juice was added to the bases for the FII, while the lakes system was added for the FI. Hair dyes pomade cream of red dragon fruit peel juice prepared in the lakes system has superior properties to the formula prepared without the lakes system. It demonstrated better homogeneity and softer texture, in addition acceptable skin pH range. The lakes system is suitable for the preparation of natural hair dye cream and does not irritate the skin.

SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF) VALUE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURIFIED GAMBIER GEL PREPARATION

Muhammad Asrofi Faizin, Purwanto Purwanto — Wed, 31 Jan 2024 15:34:30 +0000

Gambier is an export product from Sumatera, Indonesia, that can be purified and utilized in cosmetic preparations. The content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of purified gambier has a potential skin protection against UV rays. The chemical content of extract is closely related to the polarity of solvent, so this study aims to analyze the effect of ethanol concentration as solvent in gambier purification on phenolic content, flavonoids, and SPF value. The ethanol concentrations for this purpose were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 96%. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed by colorimetric method, whereas the SPF value of gel was measured by UV spectrophotometer. The gel preparation was evaluated for its physical properties including organoleptic test, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity, pH and stability. Statistical analysis performed with one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence level. As the results, ethanol concentration significantly influenced phenolic, flavonoid content and SPF values. The highest phenolic content was obtained in purification by 50% ethanol with a value of 757.2 ± 13.1 mg GAE/g, while highest flavonoid content was achieved in 96% ethanol at 5.18 ± 0.21 mg QE/g. Ethanol concentration with highest SPF value was 96% at 27.07 ± 0.33. In the gambier gel formulation with 0.2% dose had an SPF value of 6.60 ± 0.58. The gel has good homogeneity, viscosity, and pH for cosmetic preparations but poor spreadability. The stability of the gel formulation changed after accelerated stability testing for 4 weeks

EFFECTIVENESS OF MAGNESIUM CITRATE ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY ON CRAMPING PAIN INTENSITY IN NOCTURNAL LEG CRAMPS PATIENTS AT BETHESDA HOSPITAL YOGYAKARTA

Ananda Digdoyo, Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon, Esdras Ardi Pramudita — Wed, 03 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nocturnal Leg Cramps (NLC) are involuntary lower limb contractions that are painful and occur during long rest periods. Magnesium is thought to have potential in the treatment of NLC as one of the precipitating factors of NLC is low levels of certain minerals, such as magnesium deficiency. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of magnesium adjunctive therapy in reducing cramping pain intensity in patients with NLC. This study was a randomized clinical trial, open-label, controlled group that was followed up for 2 weeks. 30 subjects who have been diagnosed with the NLC short-form adaptation of ICSD 2005 were divided into 2 groups; (1) the intervention group who was given standard NLC therapy (calcium and gabapentin) with additional therapy of magnesium citrate 100 mg (Hi-Mg100) one tablet a day, (2) the control group who was only given standard NLC therapy. NLC cramping pain was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before the administration of therapy (baseline) and at week 2 after therapy. The results obtained were the addition of magnesium to standard therapy provided a significant reduction in cramping pain intensity between before and after treatment based on the Wilcoxon signed rank test (p=0.000). However, there was no statistically significant difference effect between the two therapy groups based on the Mann-Whitney test (p=0.073). In conclusion, magnesium adjunctive therapy was not significantly more effective in reducing cramping pain than standard drug therapy in patients with NLC.

EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR ON ANALGESIC SELF-MEDICATION IN HEALTH AND NON-HEALTH STUDENTS AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY, YOGYAKARTA

Claryza Amelia Putri, Bangunawati Rahajeng — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 13:05:14 +0000

Pain is the most common cause that encourages someone to do self-medication. A person's level of knowledge is known to influence a person's behavior in self-medication. The study evaluates the level of knowledge and behavior toward self-medication using analgesics among health and non-health students at the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This research uses a non-experimental observational research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was 752 health and non-health students at the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The level of knowledge of health students is good, with a percentage of 75.3% good; 21.0% is sufficient; and 3.7% is less, while the level of knowledge of non-health students is adequate, with a percentage of 33.5% good; 50.5% is sufficient; and 16.0% is less. The behavior of health students is good, with 86.7% good, 12.5% adequate, and 0.8% less, while the behavior of non-health students is good, with 80.9% good, 17.5% enough, and 1.6% less. The difference in the level of knowledge and behavior of analgesic self-medication between health and non-health students is quite significant, with the results of the Mann-Whitney test analysis showing a value of 0.000 on the level of knowledge and 0.001 on behavior. The relationship between the level of knowledge and behavior of health students and the Spearman Rank correlation test showed a result of 0.039 with an R-value of 0.107. In contrast, non-health students showed a result of 0.027 with an R-value of 0.114, indicating a significant and weak relationship between both.

MOUTHWASH FORMULATION OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) METHANOL EXTRACT FOR INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF STREPTOCCUS MUTANS BACTERIA

Tue, 16 Apr 2024 13:45:57 +0000

Dental and oral problems experienced a significant increase from 2007 to 2018. Based on the results of basic health research, dental and oral problems increased from 23.2% to 57.6%. Dental caries is ranked sixth with a prevalence of 60% to 80%. The main cause of dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. The use of mouthwash with synthetic active ingredients can cause side effects. In addition, only a few mouthwashes were able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The purpose of this study was to make a mouthwash formulation from onion methanol extract and to determine its ability to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Three mouthwash formulas were made with 10%, 20% and 30% extract concentrations respectively, then physical evaluation was carried out for 14 days on days 0, 7 and 14. Physical evaluation included stability tests (odor, taste, turbidity and precipitate), pH and diameter of inhibition. The results of the formula stability evaluation on day 14 there was a change in formulas 2 and 3 color, but not in formula 1. This was due to differences in the concentration of extracts and the sappans color stability in the formulas. The pH test results for each formula are in the range of 6.0-6.3. A good mouthwash has a pH close to neutral like the pH of the mouth, which is 6-7. The results of the diameter inhibition test ranged from 6-8 mm. A significant difference was seen between the positive controls with formulas 1 and 3, but there was no significant difference between formulas 1 and 3. The conclusion of this study was that the mouthwash of onion methanol extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria with moderate strength and the best formula was mouthwash with 10% extract concentration.

AUTHENTICATION OF PATCHOULI OIL FROM VARIOUS GROWING REGIONS USING GC-MS METHOD WITH CHEMOMETRIC COMBINATION ON THE PRODUCTS IN THE MARKET

Fri, 19 Apr 2024 04:45:22 +0000

Adulteration in patchouli oil trade is an ancient practice, where additional substances like turpentine oil are added to increase volume and odor. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the composition of patchouli oil, considering variations in growing regions and potential adulteration in the products available in the market. The analysis was carried out using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrormetry (GC-MS) method with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) chemometric combination for authentication. The sample obtained from Bantul, Kulon Progo, and Purworejo was isolated through steam and water distillation. Subsequently, it was tested in accordance with SNI standard 06-2385-2006 and analyzed using GC-MS. The results were compared to the products on the market and processed using multivariate chemometric, namely PCA with Minitab 19 software. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of various compounds contained in the oil, including alcohol, alpha-guaiene, beta-humulene, seychellene, trans-caryophyllene, neoalloocimene, and beta-patchoulene. The combination of GC-MS and PCA chemometrics was able to distinguish patchouli oil from others and the products available on the market. PCA chemometric analysis showed that the patchouli oil from various growing regions had the same chemical components as essential oil. Furthermore, PCA chemometric analysis of market products also showed similar results but varied significantly from turpentine oil. This showed that the patchouli oil product available on the market did not contain turpentine oil.

REVIEW: QUALITY OF LIFE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENT WITH APPLICATION OF LIFESTYLE

Alfiranty Yunita, Alfia Aretzy — Sat, 20 Apr 2024 15:28:23 +0000

Diabetes is a chronic disease that has increased growing from year to year in the number of sufferers from year to year. It is associated with changes in lifestyle in modern times that can affect the quality of life of the patients. The quality of life itself refers to the value assigned during a lifetime that changes with decreased functional, perceptual, and social value and can be affected by disease and treatment. The assessment of the quality of life, especially for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aims to restore not only physical function in terms of mobility but also perceptions of health. This research aims to determine the role of lifestyle in improving the quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The non-experimental study is based on a review of various articles on the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus published in various national journals from 2016 to 2022. The results of this study showed that exercising, consuming a balanced, nutritious diet, and monthly health check-ups greatly contribute to the improvement of the quality of life. The quality of life can also be measured using the EQ-5D-5L instrument which cover five domains mobility (the ability to move or walk), self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression and five domain levels. This article concludes that a good lifestyle can improve the quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients