Automotive Experiences

Articles

Elemental, Thermal and Physicochemical Investigation of Novel Biodiesel from Wodyetia Bifurcata and Its Properties Optimization using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Aditya Kolakoti , Bobbili Prasadarao , Katakam Satyanarayana , Muji Setiyo , Hasan Köten , Metta Raghu

Published
November 25, 2021

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022)
Pages 3-15

DOI

Open Access
Share

Abstract

In this study, an unexplored oil from the wodyetia bifurcata fruit was used for biodiesel production. The transesterification process was implemented to convert the raw oil into wodyetia bifurcata methyl ester (WBME) and the influence of process variables on WBME yield was examined with the response surface method (RSM) assisted Box-Behnken optimization. The results of RSM show that a maximum biodiesel yield of 94.67% was achieved and reaction time was identified as an influencing process variable. The fatty acid composition (FAC) from chromatography reveals the presence of highly unsaturated in WBME and the significant fuel properties of thermal and molecular meet the required fuel standards (ASTM). The obtained fuel properties of WBME are compared with other popularly used biodiesels and observed low kinematic viscosity (3.87mm2/sec) and moderated cetane number (53) for WBME. Furthermore, artificial neural network (ANN) tools are used for the prediction of WBME yield and show an improvement of 0.4% than RSM and low mean square error and a high coefficient of correlation was observed for ANN.

Keywords

Wodyetia Bifurcata; Biodiesel; Foxtail tree; Fuel properties; ANN; RSM

References

  1. A. M. Liaquat, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, and M. H. Jayed, “Potential emissions reduction in road transport sector using biofuel in developing countries,†Atmospheric Environment, vol. 44, no. 32, pp. 3869–3877, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.003.
  2. M. Dehghani Madvar, A. Aslani, M. H. Ahmadi, and N. S. Karbalaie Ghomi, “Current status and future forecasting of biofuels technology development,†International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1142–1160, 2019, doi: doi.org/10.1002/er.4344.
  3. T. M. I. Mahlia et al., “Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 118, no. November 2019, p. 109526, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109526.
  4. I. Mukherjee and B. K. Sovacool, “Palm oil-based biofuels and sustainability in southeast Asia: A review of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand,†Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 37, pp. 1–12, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.001.
  5. D. L. Kgathi, G. Mmopelwa, R. Chanda, K. Kashe, and M. Murray-Hudson, “A review of the sustainability of Jatropha cultivation projects for biodiesel production in southern Africa: Implications for energy policy in Botswana,†Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol. 246, pp. 314–324, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.014.
  6. W. Körbitz, “Biodiesel production in Europe and North America, an encouraging prospect,†Renewable energy, vol. 16, no. 1–4, pp. 1078–1083, 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00406-6.
  7. P. Mihaela, R. Josef, N. Monica, and Z. Rudolf, “Perspectives of safflower oil as biodiesel source for South Eastern Europe (comparative study: Safflower, soybean and rapeseed),†Fuel, vol. 111, pp. 114–119, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.04.012.
  8. A. K. Azad, M. G. Rasul, M. M. K. Khan, S. C. Sharma, M. Mofijur, and M. M. K. Bhuiya, “Prospects, feedstocks and challenges of biodiesel production from beauty leaf oil and castor oil: A nonedible oil sources in Australia,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 61, pp. 302–318, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.013.
  9. M. Setiyo, D. Yuvenda, and O. D. Samue, “The Concise Latest Report on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Pure Biodiesel (B100) on Engine Performance: Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis,†Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 469–490, 2021, doi: 10.17509/ijost.v6i3.38430.
  10. T. Issariyakul and A. K. Dalai, “Biodiesel from vegetable oils,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 31, pp. 446–471, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.001.
  11. S. Özer, M. Akçay, and E. Vural, “Effect of toluene addition to waste cooking oil on combustion characteristics of a ci engine,†Fuel, vol. 303, p. 121284, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121284.
  12. A. Kolakoti, M. Setiyo, and B. Waluyo, “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil : Characterization , Modeling and Optimization 2 . Material and Methods,†Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22–30, 2021, doi: 10.31603/mesi.5320.
  13. A. Hidayat, W. Kurniawan, and H. Hinode, “Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar as a Solid Catalyst: From Literature Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Esterifications to the Experiments for Biodiesel Synthesis from Palm Oil Industry Waste Residue,†Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 337–352, 2021, doi: 10.17509/ijost.v6i2.34498.
  14. F. Ferella, G. M. Di Celso, I. De Michelis, V. Stanisci, and F. Vegliò, “Optimization of the transesterification reaction in biodiesel production,†Fuel, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 36–42, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.025.
  15. S. Satya, A. Kolakoti, and R. Rao, “Optimization of palm methyl ester and its effect on fatty acid compositions and cetane number,†Mathematical Models in Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2019, doi: 10.21595/mme.2019.20469.
  16. A. Garg and S. Jain, “Process parameter optimization of biodiesel production from algal oil by response surface methodology and artificial neural networks,†Fuel, vol. 277, p. 118254, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118254.
  17. Y. Sewsynker-Sukai, F. Faloye, and E. B. G. Kana, “Artificial neural networks: an efficient tool for modelling and optimization of biofuel production (a mini review),†Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 221–235, 2017, doi: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1269616.
  18. K. J. L. Dos Santos et al., “Wodyetia bifurcata biochar for methylene blue removal from aqueous matrix,†Bioresource technology, vol. 293, p. 122093, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122093.
  19. F. A. Daud, N. Ismail, and R. M. Ghazi, “Response surface methodology optimization of methylene blue removal by activated carbon derived from foxtail palm tree empty fruit bunch,†J. Trop. Resour. Sustain. Sci, vol. 4, pp. 25–30, 2016, doi: 10.47253/jtrss.v4i1.580.
  20. B. S. Abd ELnasser, M. Y. El Dina, M. R. Elgindi, and M. B. Elsaid, “Biological studies of isolated triterpenoids and phenolic compounds identified from Wodyetia bifurcata family Arecaceae,†Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, vol. 3, no. 6, 2015.
  21. N. Naderali et al., “‘Candidatus Phytoplasma wodyetiae’, a new taxon associated with yellow decline disease of foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) in Malaysia,†International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 3765–3772, 2017, doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002187.
  22. N. S. Subki, N. M. Akhir, N. S. A. Halim, and N. R. N. Yusoff, “COD Reduction in Industrial Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Derived from Wodyetia Bifurcata Fruit,†in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020, vol. 549, no. 1, p. 12066, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/549/1/012066.
  23. I. Noshadi, N. A. S. Amin, and R. S. Parnas, “Continuous production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil in a reactive distillation column catalyzed by solid heteropolyacid: optimization using response surface methodology (RSM),†Fuel, vol. 94, pp. 156–164, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.018.
  24. V. Singh, L. Belova, B. Singh, and Y. C. Sharma, “Biodiesel production using a novel heterogeneous catalyst, magnesium zirconate (Mg2Zr5O12): Process optimization through response surface methodology (RSM),†Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 174, pp. 198–207, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.029.
  25. J. Otera, “Transesterification,†Chemical reviews, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 1449–1470, 1993, doi: 10.1021/cr00020a004.
  26. U. Schuchardt, R. Sercheli, and R. M. Vargas, “Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review,†Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, vol. 9, pp. 199–210, 1998, doi: 10.1590/S0103-50531998000300002.
  27. D. Ayu, R. Aulyana, E. W. Astuti, K. Kusmiyati, and N. Hidayati, “Catalytic Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel: Effect of Oil-Methanol Molar Ratio and Reaction Time,†Automotive Experiences, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 73–77, 2019, doi: 10.31603/ae.v2i3.2991.
  28. M. A. Mujtaba et al., “Ultrasound-assisted process optimization and tribological characteristics of biodiesel from palm-sesame oil via response surface methodology and extreme learning machine-Cuckoo search,†Renewable Energy, vol. 158, pp. 202–214, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.158.
  29. A. Kolakoti and G. Satish, “Biodiesel production from low-grade oil using heterogeneous catalyst: an optimisation and ANN modelling,†Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: 10.1080/14484846.2020.1842298.
  30. M. Rajendra, P. C. Jena, and H. Raheman, “Prediction of optimized pretreatment process parameters for biodiesel production using ANN and GA,†Fuel, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 868–875, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.12.008.
  31. A. Kolakoti, P. Jha, P. R. Mosa, M. Mahapatro, and T. G. Kotaru, “Optimization and modelling of mahua oil biodiesel using RSM and genetic algorithm techniques,†Mathematical Models in Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 134–146, 2020, doi: 10.21595/mme.2020.21357.
  32. A. Kolakoti, “An experimental based artificial neural network modeling in prediction of optimum combustion, performance, and emission from diesel engine operated with three biodiesels,†World Journal of Engineering, 2021, doi: 10.1108/WJE-01-2021-0010.
  33. M. Agarwal, K. Singh, and S. P. Chaurasia, “Prediction of biodiesel properties from fatty acid composition using linear regression and ANN techniques,†Indian Chemical Engineer, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 347–361, 2010, doi: 10.1080/00194506.2010.616325.
  34. A. Kolakoti, “Optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking sunflower oil by Taguchi and ANN techniques,†Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 712–723, 2020, doi: 10.18186/thermal.796761.
  35. A. Kolakoti and B. V. A. Rao, “Effect of fatty acid composition on the performance and emission characteristics of an IDI supercharged engine using neat palm biodiesel and coconut biodiesel as an additive,†Biofuels, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 591–605, 2019, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2017.1332293.
  36. G. R. Srinivasan et al., “Influence of fatty acid composition on process optimization and characteristics assessment of biodiesel produced from waste animal fat,†Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, pp. 1–19, 2020, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2020.1771477.
  37. R. Fillières, B. Benjellounâ€Mlayah, and M. Delmas, “Ethanolysis of rapeseed oil: Quantitation of ethyl esters, monoâ€, diâ€, and triglycerides and glycerol by highâ€performance sizeâ€exclusion chromatography,†Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 427–432, 1995, doi: 10.1007/BF02636083.
  38. A. Demirbas, “Effects of moisture and hydrogen content on the heating value of fuels,†Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 649–655, 2007, doi: 10.1080/009083190957801.
  39. H. C. Ong, A. S. Silitonga, H. H. Masjuki, T. M. I. Mahlia, W. T. Chong, and M. H. Boosroh, “Production and comparative fuel properties of biodiesel from non-edible oils: Jatropha curcas, Sterculia foetida and Ceiba pentandra,†Energy conversion and management, vol. 73, pp. 245–255, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.04.011.
  40. D. H. Qi and C.-F. Lee, “Influence of soybean biodiesel content on basic properties of biodiesel-diesel blends,†Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 504–507, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.021.
  41. A. Sarin, R. Arora, N. P. Singh, R. Sarin, R. K. Malhotra, and K. Kundu, “Effect of blends of Palm-Jatropha-Pongamia biodiesels on cloud point and pour point,†Energy, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2016–2021, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.08.017.
Article Metrics
47
Views
23
Downloads

SCITE

DIMENSIONS

Publication Information
Published November 25, 2021
Section Articles
Copyright Copyright (c) 2021 Aditya Kolakoti, Bobbili Prasadarao, Katakam Satyanarayana, Muji Setiyo, Hasan Köten, Metta Metta
Keywords
  • Wodyetia Bifurcata
  • Biodiesel
  • Foxtail tree
  • Fuel properties
  • ANN
  • RSM

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>