Paedagogie

This This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of e-learning in Islamic Religious Education (PAI), identify the digital platforms used, and examine the advantages and challenges of its implementation within the context of the Merdeka Curriculum. This research employs a literature review approach by analyzing relevant scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025. Data were collected from databases such as Google Scholar and Garuda and analyzed using content analysis through stages of thematic grouping, comparison of findings, and synthesis development. The results indicate that e-learning is effective in improving students’ learning outcomes, engagement, and independent learning. The use of digital platforms such as Google Classroom, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Edmodo plays a significant role in supporting more flexible and interactive learning processes. In addition, e-learning offers several advantages, including accessibility, diverse learning media, and opportunities for enhancing teachers’ creativity. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and reduced direct interaction between teachers and students. In the context of the Merdeka Curriculum, e-learning aligns with the principles of student-centered learning. However, there remains a gap between conceptual potential and practical implementation, which requires optimization through improving digital competencies and providing adequate facilities. This study contributes by providing an integrative synthesis of e-learning effectiveness in PAI learning as part of educational transformation in the digital era.