Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 317 Download : 140

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

The energy crisis and the threat of global climate change have spurred various research efforts and alternative initiatives to find substitutes for fossil fuels, improve energy efficiency, and reduce emissions, especially greenhouse gases. The shipping industry is one of the contributors to global emissions that has received particular attention due to the increasing demand for maritime transportation services. The use of natural gas is considered a potential solution due to its relatively clean nature, abundant availability, and competitive pricing. The CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine design is developed with the principle of using natural gas as an alternative fuel without replacing the existing diesel engine. Minimal modifications are made to the intake manifold to accommodate CNG entry. Despite its advantages, the development of dual fuel engines faces challenges, such as increased methane emissions due to the potential for incomplete combustion. This research conducts experimental studies on the use of a Venturi-like mixer in the intake manifold to enhance the homogeneity of the CNG-air mixture before entering the combustion chamber. Testing the mixer's influence is carried out under various CNG injection durations at low and high engine loads at constant speeds. The results indicate that the addition of the mixer does not immediately improve combustion quality or reduce emissions. Attention to conditioning the homogenous mixture at the required air-fuel ratio before entering the combustion chamber is crucial. The selection of the appropriate mixer design, diameter size, and placement of holes needs careful consideration

Keywords

Combustion homogeneity CNG Dual Fuel Engine Emission reduction Global climate change Venturi-like mixer

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. “DNV GL says oil & gas industry sees hydrogen as key to decarbonisation,” Fuel Cells Bulletin, vol. 2020, no. 6, 2020, doi: 10.1016/s1464-2859(20)30258-3.
  2. DNV GL - Maritime, “Assessment of Selected Ternative Fuels and Technologies,” Imo, vol. 391, no. June, 2019.
  3. H. Xing, C. Stuart, S. Spence, and H. Chen, “Alternative fuel options for low carbon maritime transportation: Pathways to 2050,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 297, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126651.
  4. S. Wang et al., “Decarbonizing in Maritime Transportation: Challenges and Opportunities,” Journal of Transportation Technologies, vol. 13, no. 02, 2023, doi: 10.4236/jtts.2023.132015.
  5. P. Gilbert, A. Bows-Larkin, S. Mander, and C. Walsh, “Technologies for the high seas: Meeting the climate challenge,” Carbon Management, vol. 5, no. 4, 2014, doi: 10.1080/17583004.2015.1013676.
  6. D. Pyć, “Ship energy efficiency measures and climate protection,” International Community Law Review, vol. 23, no. 2. 2021, doi: 10.1163/18719732-12341474.
  7. K. Yeremenko, “International Maritime Organization and Decarbonization of Maritime Industry: Mandate and Instruments,” Lex Portus, vol. 8, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.26886/2524-101X.8.3.2022.2.
  8. International Maritime Organization, “IMO 2020 : consistent implementation of MARPOL Annex VI.,” OMi, 2020.
  9. S. Munahar, M. Setiyo, R. A. Brieghtera, M. M. Saudi, A. Ahmad, and D. Yuvenda, “Fuel Control System on CNG Fueled Vehicles using Machine Learning: A Case Study on the Downhill,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 173–187, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.31603/ae.8107.
  10. R. M. Susanto and M. Setiyo, “Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV): Status Teknologi dan Peluang Pengembangannya,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 1, no. 01, pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: 10.31603/ae.v1i01.2000.
  11. D. Yuvenda et al., “Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine with Variation of Air Fuel Ratio,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 507–527, 2022, doi: 10.31603/ae.7807.
  12. Deendarlianto, A. Widyaparaga, T. Widodo, I. Handika, I. Chandra Setiawan, and A. Lindasista, “Modelling of Indonesian road transport energy sector in order to fulfill the national energy and oil reduction targets,” Renewable Energy, vol. 146, pp. 504–518, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.169.
  13. S. Faramawy, T. Zaki, and A. A. E. Sakr, “Natural gas origin, composition, and processing: A review,” Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, vol. 34. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2016.06.030.
  14. J. C. Griffiths, “ Natural Gas: A Study . E. N. Tiratsoo ,” The Journal of Geology, vol. 83, no. 1, 1975, doi: 10.1086/628060.
  15. M. A. Arefin, M. N. Nabi, M. W. Akram, M. T. Islam, and M. W. Chowdhury, “A review on liquefied natural gas as fuels for dual fuel engines: Opportunities, challenges and responses,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 22. 2020, doi: 10.3390/en13226127.
  16. M. V. Jensen, R. F. Cordtz, and J. Schramm, “Numerical analysis of methane slip source distribution in a four-stroke dual-fuel marine engine,” Journal of Marine Science and Technology (Japan), vol. 26, no. 2, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00773-020-00760-3.
  17. B. Ariani, I. M. Ariana, and M. A. Fathallah, “Effect of natural gas injection timing on combustion performance & methane slip emission of diesel - NG dual fuel engine: An experimental study,” 2019, doi: 10.1063/1.5138258.
  18. K. Shine, J. Fuglestvedt, and N. Stuber, “An alternative to the Global Warming Potential for comparing climate impacts of emissions of greenhouse gases,” Climate Change, vol. 68, no. 4, 2009, doi: 10.1007/s10584-005-1146-9.
  19. A. R. Brandt et al., “Energy and environment. Methane leaks from North American natural gas systems.,” Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 343, no. 6172, 2014, doi: 10.1126/science.1247045.
  20. B. Ariani, I. Made Ariana, and A. Z. M. Fathallah, “Numerical Study of Emissions on DDF Engine with 20% CNG with Variation on Compression Ratio,” in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2022, vol. 876, doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-1581-9_32.
  21. F. M. Felayati, Dwisetiono, H. Prasutiyon, and B. Ariani, “Study on Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-fuel Engine Energy Ratio: Effect of Natural Gas Injection Parameters,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022, vol. 1081, no. 1, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1081/1/012038.
  22. S. Stoumpos, G. Theotokatos, E. Boulougouris, D. Vassalos, I. Lazakis, and G. Livanos, “Marine dual fuel engine modelling and parametric investigation of engine settings effect on performance-emissions trade-offs,” Ocean Engineering, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.03.059.
  23. H. Tajima and D. Tsuru, “Reduction of methane slip from gas engines by O2 concentration control using gas permeation membrane,” 2013, doi: 10.4271/2013-01-2618.
  24. M. Y. E. Selim, “Sensitivity of dual fuel engine combustion and knocking limits to gaseous fuel composition,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 411–425, 2004.
  25. I. May et al., “Reduction of Methane Slip Using Premixed Micro Pilot Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Natural Gas-Diesel Engine,” 2015, doi: 10.4271/2015-01-1798.
  26. R. Procházka, A. Dittrich, T. Zvolský, and D. N. Phu, “The Knocking in the Gas Dual-fuel Engine with Liquid LPG Injection into the Intake Manifold,” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, vol. 10, no. 12, 2021, doi: 10.18178/ijmerr.10.12.694-701.
  27. M. S. Lounici, M. A. Benbellil, K. Loubar, D. C. Niculescu, and M. Tazerout, “Knock characterization and development of a new knock indicator for dual-fuel engines,” Energy, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.138.
  28. F. J. Rojas, F. O. Jiménez Ugarte, and J. A. Álvarez, “Design and evaluation of mixers in domestic burner using liquiefied petroleum gas,” Informacion Tecnologica, vol. 28, no. 5, 2017, doi: 10.4067/s0718-07642017000500019.
  29. H. S. Muhssen, S. U. Masuri, B. Bin Sahari, and A. A. Hairuddin, “Design improvement of compressed natural gas (CNG)-Air mixer for diesel dual-fuel engines using computational fluid dynamics,” Energy, p. 118957, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118957.
  30. J. Jamaludin, D. Yuvenda, and B. Sudarmanta, “The Effect of Addition Electrical Supercharger on Diesel Dual Fuel Engine with Variation of Air Mass Flow Rate to The Engine Performance and Emissions,” IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, vol. 0, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.12962/j23546026.y2019i1.5262.
  31. B. Subramanian and V. Thangavel, “Experimental investigations on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Diesel-Hydrogen and Diesel-HHO gas in a Dual fuel CI engine,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 46, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.280.
  32. A. A. Kazum, O. H. Attia, A. I. Mosa, and N. M. Adam, “Investigation on the air-gas characteristics of air-hydrogen mixer designed for dual fuel – engines,” EUREKA, Physics and Engineering, vol. 2021, no. 2, 2021, doi: 10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001722.
  33. Q. Pham, S. Park, A. K. Agarwal, and S. Park, “Review of dual-fuel combustion in the compression-ignition engine: Spray, combustion, and emission,” Energy, vol. 250. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123778.
  34. L. Wei and P. Geng, “A review on natural gas/diesel dual fuel combustion, emissions and performance,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 142. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.09.018.
  35. V. Chintala and K. A. Subramanian, “A CFD (computational fluid dynamics) study for optimization of gas injector orientation for performance improvement of a dual-fuel diesel engine,” Energy, vol. 57, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.06.009.