Main Article Content
Abstract
The number of violence against children seen increases during Covid-19 pandemic, which requires the students to carry out learning activities remotely. This condition causes children to feel burdened, often the parents feel the impact, while they have routine tasks and work. This condition causes parents abuse their children, both physically and psychologically. The purpose of this study is to analyze the recent Indonesian Government policy regarding the fulfillment of children's rights especially on the online learning process during the pandemic. This study used normative legal research with statute approach. The results shows that the state has an obligation to protect children from violence which set out through penal and non-penal policies. However, penal policies that imposed to the parents and teachers are inappropriate rather than implementing the preventing action (non-penal policies). Lastly, psychological counselling provided by the government and psychological consultant needs to be given regularly to the teachers and parents as a better solution to tackle the issues.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Andina, Elga. “Meningkatnya Angka Perkawinan Anak Saat Pandemi Covid-19.” INFO Singkat 13, no. 4 (2021): 13–18.
- Arif Gosita. Masalah Perlindungan Anak. Jakarta: Akademia Persindo, 2001.
- Caron, Fiorella, M C Plancq, Pierre Tourneux, and Richard Gouron. “Was Child Abuse Underdetected during the COVID-19 Lockdown?” Archives de Pédiatrie 27, no. 7 (2020): 399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2020.07.010.
- Christiana, Elisabeth. “Identifikasi Bentuk Kekerasan Dan Penangannya Di Lingkungan Sekolah Dasar.” Child Education Journal 1, no. 2 (2019): 58–64.
- Danwood Mzikenge. “Chirwa The Doctrine of State Responsibility as A Potential Means of Holding Private Actors Accountable for Human Rights.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 5, no. 1 (2004): 5.
- Direktorat Sekolah Dasar Kemeterian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi. “Peserta Didik Perlu Pendampingan Psikososial Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” ditpsd.kemdikbud.go.id, 2021.
- Djamil, Nasir. Anak Bukan Untuk Dihukum: Catatan Pembahasan UU Sistem Peradilan Anak (UU-SSPA). Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2013.
- Doerner, William G., and Steven P. Lab. Victimology. Burlington: Elsevier, 2012.
- Elizabeth A. Martin. A Dictionary of Law. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
- Erdianti, Ratri Novita, and Al-Fatih Sholahuddin. “Children Friendly School as the Legal Protection for Children in Indonesia.” Varia Justicia 16, no. 2 (2020): 137–55.
- Fithri, Beby Suryani. “Pendekatan Integral Penal Policy Dan Non Penal Policy Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Anak.” Doktrina: Journal of Law 1, no. 2 (2018): 69–89.
- H.R, Ridwan. Hukum Administrasi Negara. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006.
- Hanifah, Hana, Meilanny Budiarti Santoso, and Dessy Hasanah Siti Asiah. “Anak Sebagai Kelompok Rentan Yang Terdampak Konflik Bersenjata Dan Situasi Kekerasan Lainnya.” Focus: Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial 2, no. 1 (2019): 97–108.
- Hynniewta, Banbetlin, Tessy Treesa Jose, and K. G. Anjali. “Knowledge and Attitude on Child Abuse among School Teachers, in Selected Urban English Medium Schools of Udupi District.” Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (MJNHS) 3, no. 1 (2017): 32–36.
- Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. “Penyesuaian Kebijakan Pembelajaran Di Masa Pandemi COVID-19.” kemdikbud.go.id, 2020.
- Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI). “Hasil Survei Pemenuhan Hak Dan Perlindungan Anak Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” bankdata.kpai.go.id, 2020.
- Kovler, Mark L., Susan Ziegfeld, Leticia Manning Ryan, and Mitchell A. Goldstein. “Increased Proportion of Physical Child Abuse Injuries at a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center during the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Child Abuse & Neglect 116, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104756.
- Kusno Adi. Kebijakan Kriminal Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Narkotika Oleh Anak. Malang: UMM Press, 2009.
- Maghfiroh, Laeli, and Fiki Wijayanti. “Parenting Stress Dengan Kekerasan Verbal Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada 1, no. 1 (2021): 187–93.
- Maidin Gultom. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak Di Indonesia. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2014.
- Martins-Filho, Paulo R., Nicole P. Damascena, Renata C.M. Lage, and Karyna B. Sposato. “Decrease in Child Abuse Notifications during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Reason for Worry or Celebration?” Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 56, no. 12 (2020): 1980–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15213.
- Mislikhah, St. “Kekerasan Di Balik Pembelajaran Daring.” radarjember.jawapos.com, 2021.
- Muhammad Kurniant. “Menteri Anies Luncurkan Sekolah Aman Anti-Kekerasan.” Tempo.com, 2021.
- Nashriana. Perlindungan Hukum Pidana Bagi Anak Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Grafindo Persada, 2012.
- Parthiana, I Wayan. Ekstradisi Dalam Hukum Internasional Dan Hukum Nasional Indonesia. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju, 1990.
- Prameswari, and Zendy Wulan Ayu Widhi. “Ratifikasi Konvensi Tentang Hak-Hak Anak Dalam Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” Yuridika 32, no. 1 (2017): 167–88.
- Roca, Esther, Patricia Melgar, Regina Gairal-Casadó, and Miguel A. Pulido-Rodríguez. “Schools That ‘open Doors’ to Prevent Child Abuse in Confinement by COVID-19.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 12, no. 11 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114685.
- Setyorini, Erny Herlin, Pinto Utomo Sumiati, and Pinto Utomo. “Konsep Keadilan Restoratif Bagi Anak Yang Berkonflik Dengan Hukum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.” DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 16, no. 2 (2020): 149–59.
- Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006.
- Thomas, Elizabeth York, Ashri Anurudran, Kathryn Robb, and Thomas F. Burke. “Spotlight on Child Abuse and Neglect Response in the Time of COVID-19.” The Lancet Public Health 5, no. 7 (2020): e371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30143-2.
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Study on the Effects of New Information Technologies on the Abuse and Exploitation of Children. 4th ed. New York: United Nations, 2015.