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Review on effect of interpass temperature for wire arc additive manufacturing process

Nor Ana Rosli , Mohd Rizal Alkahari , Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar , Lailatul Harina Paijan , Mohd Syafiq Abd Aziz , Mohamad Nordin Mohamad Norani

Published
July 19, 2026

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress
Pages 298-316

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Abstract

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) enables the efficient fabrication of large metal components through high deposition rates. The process offers notable advantages, including the ability to produce complex geometries and reduce overall manufacturing costs. However, forming accuracy remains a major limitation. The layer-by-layer deposition approach in WAAM often leads to geometrical distortion, which negatively impacts dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, this review focuses on the influence of interpass temperature in the range from 15°C to 600°C for controlling the heat accumulation and improving dimensional accuracy. The effects of interpass temperature on macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical properties are critically discussed in various materials. The findings reveal that, despite its significant impact on build quality, standardized interpass temperature guidelines and material-specific optimization strategies remain limited, highlighting the need for systematic investigations and integrated thermal–process control frameworks in future WAAM research.

Keywords

Additive manufacturing; Wire arc additive manufacturing; Interlayer temperature; Heat accumulation

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Published July 19, 2026
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Copyright Copyright (c) 2026 Nor Ana Rosli, Mohd Rizal Alkahari, Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar, Lailatul Harina Paijan, Mohd Syafiq Abd Aziz, Mohamad Nordin Mohamad Norani
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Keywords
  • Additive manufacturing
  • Wire arc additive manufacturing
  • Interlayer temperature
  • Heat accumulation