Health education on a low-salt diet to reduce high blood pressure in patients with hypertension

Abstract

Abstract Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries. The term "hyper" means excessive, and "tension" refers to pressure, so hypertension is a disorder of the circulatory system that causes blood pressure to rise above normal levels. Specifically, hypertension is characterized by blood pressure readings above the optimal limits of 120 mmHg for systolic and 80 mmHg for diastolic. This condition can trigger serious health issues such as stroke, heart failure, and is a leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Hypertension, often referred to as a cardiovascular disease, is commonly known as the "silent killer" because it typically presents no symptoms, leading individuals to unknowingly experience complications in vital organs. Diet plays a crucial role in managing hypertension. Adhering to a proper diet is essential for those suffering from this condition. Patients with hypertension should consistently follow a hypertension-friendly diet to prevent further complications, regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. This adherence is vital to ensure that their blood pressure remains stable, helping them avoid hypertensive crises and related complications. One effective dietary approach to reduce hypertension is adopting a low-salt diet. Implementing a low-salt diet can significantly help lower blood pressure. Research by Niga et al. (2023) supports this, concluding that a low-salt diet effectively reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients after a 14-day intervention. The study found that participants experienced a decrease in blood pressure from an initial assessment of 159/99 mmHg to 142/83 mmHg by following a type III low-salt diet, which involved adding only one teaspoon of salt to their daily meals. In conclusion, implementing a low-salt diet is an effective strategy for helping to lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.

Keywords: Hypertension; community nursing; adult nursing; prevention; health education