Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 299 Download : 197

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

The cabin car temperature will increase when parked in direct sunlight, so the energy required to cool cabin space by the air conditioner will be higher. This study aims to investigate using a thermoelectric cooling system as an alternative to a chiller system to supply cold air to the car cabin under different cooling methods for parked cars. Experimental testing of thermoelectric cooling systems was conducted to produce cold air that can be applied to car cabins as an alternative to conventional air conditioners. The thermoelectric cooling system was varied with single and double TEC modules. The double TEC modules are arranged in a series of electrical and parallel thermal arrangements. A cooling water block using a mixture of water and ethylene glycol with variations of 0.4 lpm, 0.5 lpm, and 0.6 lpm was added to the hot side of the thermoelectric module. The result shows that the thermoelectric cooling system can work properly during the 2-hour test, which constantly supplies air to the cabin space between 20-25 °C, depending on the configuration of the cooling system. The highest COP of 0.84 was obtained when using the double TEC with heatsink and added 0.5 lpm water cooling system, while the lowest COP of 0.53 was obtained when using the single TEC module without a cooling water block.

Keywords

Cabin car Thermoelectric cooling Cooling water block

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. R. S. Srivastava, A. Kumar, H. Thakur, and R. Vaish, “Solar assisted thermoelectric cooling/heating system for vehicle cabin during parking: A numerical study,” Renewable Energy, vol. 181, pp. 384–403, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.063.
  2. R. Sukarno, A. Premono, Y. Gunawan, and A. Wiyono, “Experimental study of thermoelectric cooling system for a parked car with solar energy,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2596, no. 1, p. 012052, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2596/1/012052.
  3. R. Sukarno, N. Putra, and I. I. Hakim, “Non-dimensional analysis for heat pipe characteristics in the heat pipe heat exchanger as energy recovery device in the HVAC systems,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 26, p. 101122, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2021.101122.
  4. R. Sukarno, N. Putra, I. I. Hakim, F. F. Rachman, and T. M. I. Mahlia, “Multi-stage heat-pipe heat exchanger for improving energy efficiency of the HVAC system in a hospital operating room 1,” International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 259–267, May 2021, doi: 10.1093/ijlct/ctaa048.
  5. I. I. Hakim, N. Putra, R. Sukarno, M. R. Audi, and F. F. Rachman, “Experimental study on utilization of heat pipe heat exchanger for energy conservation of air conditioning system in a hospitals and its techno-economic feasibility,” in The 4th International Tropical Renewable Energy Conference (I-TREC 2019), 2020, p. 030067. doi: 10.1063/5.0014138.
  6. M. Setiyo, B. Waluyo, N. Widodo, M. L. Rochman, S. Munahar, and S. D. Fatmaryanti, “Cooling effect and heat index (HI) assessment on car cabin cooler powered by solar panel in parked car,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 28, p. 101386, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2021.101386.
  7. C.-Q. Su, Z.-Z. Wang, X. Liu, X. Xiong, T. Jiang, and Y.-P. Wang, “Research on thermal comfort of commercial vehicle and economy of localized air conditioning system with thermoelectric coolers,” Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 795–803, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.153.
  8. Q. Wan, C. Su, X. Yuan, L. Tian, Z. Shen, and X. Liu, “Assessment of a Truck Localized Air Conditioning System with Thermoelectric Coolers,” Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 5453–5463, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11664-019-06983-4.
  9. R. Guráš, M. Mahdal, and M. Bojko, “Heat transfer analysis of a liquid cooling device using thermoelectric elements,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 226, p. 120274, May 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120274.
  10. C. Chen, L. Mao, T. Lin, T. Tu, L. Zhu, and C. Wang, “Performance testing and optimization of a thermoelectric elevator car air conditioner,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 19, p. 100616, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2020.100616.
  11. D. Champier, “Thermoelectric generators: A review of applications,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 140, pp. 167–181, May 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.02.070.
  12. N. T. Atmoko, A. Jamaldi, and T. W. B. Riyadi, “An Experimental Study of the TEG Performance using Cooling Systems of Waterblock and Heatsink-Fan,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 261–267, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.31603/ae.6250.
  13. Y. Sun, F. Meng, B. San, and C. Xu, “Performance Analysis of Multistage Thermoelectric Cooler with Water-Cooled,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2442, no. 1, p. 012028, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2442/1/012028.
  14. H. Yang, H. Zhao, and G. Xia, “Performance analysis of multi thermoelectric cooling modules,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2030, no. 1, p. 012015, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2030/1/012015.
  15. S. Wiriyasart, P. Suksusron, C. Hommalee, A. Siricharoenpanich, and P. Naphon, “Heat transfer enhancement of thermoelectric cooling module with nanofluid and ferrofluid as base fluids,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 24, p. 100877, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2021.100877.
  16. Y. Cai, Y. Wang, D. Liu, and F.-Y. Zhao, “Thermoelectric cooling technology applied in the field of electronic devices: Updated review on the parametric investigations and model developments,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 148, pp. 238–255, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.014.
  17. M. Mirmanto, S. Syahrul, and Y. Wirdan, “Experimental performances of a thermoelectric cooler box with thermoelectric position variations,” Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 177–184, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2018.09.006.
  18. K. Ma, Z. Zuo, and W. Wang, “Design and experimental study of an outdoor portable thermoelectric air-conditioning system,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 219, p. 119471, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119471.
  19. E. Y. M. Ang, P. S. Ng, C. B. Soh, and P. C. Wang, “Multi-stage thermoelectric coolers for cooling wearables,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 36, p. 101511, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101511.
  20. H. A. Ahmed, T. F. Megahed, S. Mori, S. Nada, and H. Hassan, “Performance investigation of new design thermoelectric air conditioning system for electric vehicles,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 191, p. 108356, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108356.
  21. C. Qiu and W. Shi, “Comprehensive modeling for optimized design of a thermoelectric cooler with non-constant cross-section: Theoretical considerations,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 176, p. 115384, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115384.
  22. J. Chen, R. Wang, D. Luo, and W. Zhou, “Performance optimization of a segmented converging thermoelectric generator for waste heat recovery,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 202, p. 117843, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117843.
  23. Z. Liu et al., “Design and optimization of a cubic two-stage thermoelectric cooler for thermal performance enhancement,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 271, p. 116259, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116259.
  24. A. Winarta, I. M. Rasta, I. N. Suamir, and I. G. K. Puja, “Experimental Study of Thermoelectric Cooler Box Using Heat Sink with Vapor Chamber as Hot Side Cooling Device,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 2021, pp. 389–399. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-0736-3_37.
  25. L. P. I. Midiani, I. W. A. Subagia, I. W. Suastawa, A. A. N. G. Sapteka, and A. Winarta, “Preliminary investigation of performance and temperature distribution of thermoelectric cooler box with and without internal fan,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1450, no. 1, p. 012088, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1450/1/012088.
  26. A. Elarusi, A. Attar, and H. Lee, “Optimal Design of a Thermoelectric Cooling/Heating System for Car Seat Climate Control (CSCC),” Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1984–1995, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s11664-016-5043-y.
  27. C. Su, W. Dong, Y. Deng, Y. Wang, and X. Liu, “Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Performance of a Thermoelectric Cooling Automotive Seat,” Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 3218–3229, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s11664-017-5960-4.
  28. D. Kim et al., “Design and performance analyses of thermoelectric coolers and power generators for automobiles,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 51, p. 101955, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.101955.
  29. Q. R. Al-Amir, M. F. Al-Dawody, and A. muhson Abd, “Design of Cooling System for an Automotive using Exhaust Gasses of Turbocharged Diesel Engine,” Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 325–337, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s40032-021-00787-4.
  30. C. Harsito, Mufti Reza Aulia Putra, Daniel Aquino Purba, and T. Triyono, “Mini Review of Thermoelectric and their Potential Applications as Coolant in Electric Vehicles to Improve System Efficiency,” Evergreen, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 469–479, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.5109/6782150.
  31. Testing Autos, “Car heating system: how it works,” Testing Autos, 2020. https://www.testingautos.com/car_care/car-heating-system.html
  32. X. Li, C. Zou, and A. Qi, “Experimental study on the thermo-physical properties of car engine coolant (water/ethylene glycol mixture type) based SiC nanofluids,” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 77, pp. 159–164, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2016.08.009.
  33. N. Santhi Sree, A. Kalyan Charan, M. Harshitha Vaishnavi, M. Haritha Chinmayi, and J. Nikhil, “Analysis of radiator with different working fluids as coolants,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, Mar. 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.395.
  34. C. Lertsatitthanakorn, P. Bamroongkhan, and J. Jamradloedluk, “Performance study of thermoelectric dehumidification system integrated with heat pipe heatsink,” Results in Engineering, vol. 17, p. 100901, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100901.
  35. N. P. Bayendang, M. T. Kahn, and V. Balyan, “A Structural Review of Thermoelectricity for Fuel Cell CCHP Applications,” Journal of Energy, vol. 2020, pp. 1–23, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/2760140.
  36. M. Fairuz Remeli, N. Ezzah Bakaruddin, S. Shawal, H. Husin, M. Fauzi Othman, and B. Singh, “Experimental study of a mini cooler by using Peltier thermoelectric cell,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 788, no. 1, p. 012076, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/788/1/012076.
  37. M. Gökçek and F. Şahin, “Experimental performance investigation of minichannel water cooled-thermoelectric refrigerator,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 54–62, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2017.03.004.
  38. J. Yang, W. Liang, J. Han, R. Wu, and Y. Su, “Experimental study on a novel split thermoelectric cooler of big temperature difference for combined cooling and heating supply,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 317, p. 118847, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118847.
  39. J. Yang, C. Mou, J. Han, Y. Ge, W. Zhu, and W. Liang, “Investigation on performance of a new thermoelectric cooler with hot and cold side separation for suppressing Fourier effect,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 298, p. 117760, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117760.
  40. J. Wang, P. Cao, X. Li, X. Song, C. Zhao, and L. Zhu, “Experimental study on the influence of Peltier effect on the output performance of thermoelectric generator and deviation of maximum power point,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 200, p. 112074, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112074.
  41. Z. He, Q. Yu, J. Ye, F. Yan, and Y. Li, “Optimization of plate-fin heat exchanger performance for heat dissipation of thermoelectric cooler,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 53, p. 103953, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.103953.
  42. Y. Thimont and S. LeBlanc, “The impact of thermoelectric leg geometries on thermal resistance and power output,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 126, no. 9, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1063/1.5115044.
  43. X. Cui, Y. Zhu, Z. Li, and S. Shun, “Combination study of operation characteristics and heat transfer mechanism for pulsating heat pipe,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 65, no. 1–2, pp. 394–402, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.01.030.
  44. V. K. Karthikeyan, K. Ramachandran, B. C. Pillai, and A. Brusly Solomon, “Effect of nanofluids on thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 54, pp. 171–178, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.02.007.
  45. R. Sukarno, N. Putra, I. I. Hakim, F. F. Rachman, and T. M. Indra Mahlia, “Utilizing heat pipe heat exchanger to reduce the energy consumption of airborne infection isolation hospital room HVAC system,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 35, p. 102116, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102116.
  46. H. Jouhara and R. Meskimmon, “An investigation into the use of water as a working fluid in wraparound loop heat pipe heat exchanger for applications in energy efficient HVAC systems,” Energy, vol. 156, pp. 597–605, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.134.

Most read articles by the same author(s)