Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 717 Download : 480

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Fatigue resistance is influenced by porosity and residual stress in welded joints. Fatigue failure in some means of transportation is caused by the inability to withstand the load received from the car body and passengers while operating. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) method to identify the effect of vibration welding on porosity and residual stress. Vibration can reduce the empty cavity (porosity) and increase the density of the weld. The ultrasonic vibration spot resistance (UVSR) method with 20 kHz on AA6082 is able to reduce residual stress up to 53% and is effective for homogenization of concentrated residual stress up to 57%.

Keywords

Vibration Porosity Residual stress

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. R. P. Putra, D. Yuvenda, M. Setiyo, A. Andrizal, and M. Martias, “Body City Car Design of Two Passengers Capacity: A Numerical Simulation Study,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 163–172, 2022.
  2. Z. Arifin et al., “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Ahmed Body with Inverted Airfoil Eppler 423 and Gurney Flap on Fastback Car,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 355–370, 2022.
  3. G. Refiadi, I. S. Aisyah, and J. P. Siregar, “Trends in lightweight automotive materials for improving fuel efficiency and reducing carbon emissions,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 78–90, 2019, doi: 10.31603/ae.v2i3.2984.
  4. R. Widyorini, N. H. Sari, M. Setiyo, and G. Refiadi, “The Role of Composites for Sustainable Society and Industry,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 48–53, 2021.
  5. L. B. Godefroid, G. L. de Faria, L. C. Cândido, and S. C. Araujo, “Fatigue failure of a welded automotive component,” Procedia materials science, vol. 3, pp. 1902–1907, 2014.
  6. K. Shrama, “Fatigue of welded high strength steels for automotive chassis and suspension applications.” Cardiff University, 2016.
  7. S. Suntari, H. Purwanto, S. M. B. Respati, S. Sugiarto, and Z. Abidin, “Effect of Electrode Diameter and Current on Dissimilar Metal Welding (Stainless Steel-Galvanized Steel) in Bus Body Construction: Microstructure and Properties Evaluation,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 402–415, 2022.
  8. N. Muhayat, Y. A. Matien, H. Sukanto, and Y. C. N. Saputro, “Fatigue life of underwater wet welded low carbon steel SS400,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 2, p. e03366, 2020.
  9. Y. Zhao, X. Zhou, T. Liu, Y. Kang, and X. Zhan, “Investigate on the porosity morphology and formation mechanism in laser-MIG hybrid welded joint for 5A06 aluminum alloy with Y-shaped groove,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 57, no. July, pp. 847–856, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.07.044.
  10. M. N. Ilman and R. Soekrisno, “Corrosion fatigue behavior of resistance spot welded dissimilar metal welds between carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel with different thickness,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 649–654, 2011.
  11. S. Tathgir, D. W. Rathod, and A. Batish, “Emphasis of Weld Time, Shielding Gas and Oxygen Content in Activated Fluxes on the Weldment Microstructure,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 86–95, 2021, doi: 10.31603/mesi.5903.
  12. M. W. Tjaronge, V. Sampebulu, and R. Djamaluddin, “Porosity and Microstructure Phase of Self Compacting Concrete Using Sea Water as Mixing Water and Curing,” in Advanced Materials Research, 2015, vol. 1119, pp. 647–651.
  13. R. D. Ardika, T. Triyono, and N. Muhayat, “A review porosity in aluminum welding,” Procedia Structural Integrity, vol. 33, pp. 171–180, 2021.
  14. L. Pan et al., “Welding residual stress impact on fatigue life of a welded structure,” Welding in the World, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 685–691, 2013.
  15. H. Gao, Y. Zhang, Q. Wu, J. Song, and K. Wen, “Fatigue life of 7075-T651 aluminium alloy treated with vibratory stress relief,” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 108, pp. 62–67, 2018.
  16. Q. Jin et al., “A primary plus secondary local PWHT method for mitigating weld residual stresses in pressure vessels,” International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, vol. 192, p. 104431, 2021.
  17. E. D. W. S. Putri, E. Surojo, and E. P. Budiana, “Current research and recommended development on fatigue behavior of underwater welded steel,” Procedia Structural Integrity, vol. 27, pp. 54–61, 2020.
  18. Z. Gao, B. Gong, Y. Liu, D. Wang, C. Deng, and D. Hu, “Fatigue-performance of PWHT welded joints: As-welded vs. high-frequency mechanical impact treatment,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 187, p. 106933, 2021.
  19. M. Wu, C. Wu, and S. Gao, “Effect of ultrasonic vibration on fatigue performance of AA 2024-T3 friction stir weld joints,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 29, pp. 85–95, 2017.
  20. X. Liang, Y. Wan, C. Zhang, B. Zhang, and X. Meng, “Comprehensive evaluation of welding quality for butt-welded by means of CO2 arc vibratory welding,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 1911–1920, 2017.
  21. K. P. Mehta, “A review on friction-based joining of dissimilar aluminum – steel joints,” Early career scholars in materials sciensce, 2019, doi: 10.1557/jmr.2018.332.
  22. W. Liu, H.-P. Wang, F. Lu, H. Cui, and X. Tang, “Investigation on effects of process parameters on porosity in dissimilar Al alloy lap fillet welds,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 843–849, 2015.
  23. M. Samiuddin, J. Li, M. Taimoor, M. N. Siddiqui, S. U. Siddiqui, and J. Xiong, “Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization,” Defence Technology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1234–1248, 2021.
  24. S. C. Wu, C. Yu, W. H. Zhang, Y. N. Fu, and L. Helfen, “Porosity induced fatigue damage of laser welded 7075-T6 joints investigated via synchrotron X-ray microtomography,” Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 11–19, 2015.
  25. R. Lin, H. Wang, F. Lu, J. Solomon, and B. E. Carlson, “Numerical study of keyhole dynamics and keyhole-induced porosity formation in remote laser welding of Al alloys,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 108, pp. 244–256, 2017.
  26. I. Khoirofik, “Analisa Teknis Pengelasan Dissimilar Material Antara Aa 6063 Dan Aa 5083 Ditinjau Dari Aspek Mekanik Dan Metalurgi Pada Bangunan Kapal,” Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, 2015.
  27. X. Zhan, Y. Zhao, Z. Liu, Q. Gao, and H. Bu, “Microstructure and porosity characteristics of 5A06 aluminum alloy joints using laser-MIG hybrid welding,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 35, no. August, pp. 437–445, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.011.
  28. S. Sivabalan, R. Sridhar, A. Parthiban, and G. Sathiskumar, “Experimental investigations of mechanical behavior of friction stir welding on aluminium alloy 6063,” Materials Today: Proceedings, no. xxxx, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.236.
  29. Y. Murakami, “Influence of Si-phase on fatigue properties of aluminium alloys,” Metal Fatigue, pp. 269–291, 2019, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813876-2.00012-1.
  30. L. Chen, C. Wang, L. Xiong, X. Zhang, and G. Mi, “Microstructural, porosity and mechanical properties of lap joint laser welding for 5182 and 6061 dissimilar aluminum alloys under different place configurations,” Materials and Design, vol. 191, p. 108625, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108625.
  31. W. Zheng, Y. He, J. Yang, and Z. Gao, “Hydrogen diffusion mechanism of the single-pass welded joint in welding considering the phase transformation effects,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 36, pp. 126–137, 2018.
  32. M. Brůna and A. Sládek, “Hydrogen analysis and effect of filtration on final quality of castings from aluminium alloy AlSi7Mg0. 3,” Archives of Foundry Engineering, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 5–10, 2011.
  33. L. Huang, X. Hua, D. Wu, L. Fang, Y. Cai, and Y. Ye, “Effect of magnesium content on keyhole-induced porosity formation and distribution in aluminum alloys laser welding,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 33, no. January, pp. 43–53, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.04.023.
  34. H. Yu, Y. Xu, J. Song, J. Pu, X. Zhao, and G. Yao, “On-line monitor of hydrogen porosity based on arc spectral information in Al–Mg alloy pulsed gas tungsten arc welding,” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 70, pp. 30–38, 2015.
  35. X. Han, Z. Yang, Y. Ma, C. Shi, and Z. Xin, “Porosity distribution and mechanical response of laser-MIG hybrid butt welded 6082-T6 aluminum alloy joint,” Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 132, no. May, p. 106511, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106511.
  36. M. Burzić, R. Prokić-Cvetković, M. Manjgo, L. Milović, M. Arsić, and O. Popović, “Effect of vibration on the variation of residual stresses and impact energy in butt-welded joints,” Integritet i vek konstrukcija, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 215–220, 2012.
  37. R. Tamasgavabari, A. R. Ebrahimi, S. M. Abbasi, and A. R. Yazdipour, “Effect of harmonic vibration during gas metal arc welding of AA-5083 aluminum alloy on the formation and distribution of intermetallic compounds,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 49, pp. 413–422, 2020.
  38. R. Tamasgavabari, A. R. Ebrahimi, S. M. Abbasi, and A. R. Yazdipour, “The effect of harmonic vibration with a frequency below the resonant range on the mechanical properties of AA-5083-H321 aluminum alloy GMAW welded parts,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 736, pp. 248–257, 2018.
  39. U. Shah and X. Liu, “Effects of ultrasonic vibration on resistance spot welding of transformation induced plasticity steel 780 to aluminum alloy AA6061,” Materials & Design, vol. 182, p. 108053, 2019.
  40. S. Fouladi and M. Abbasi, “The effect of friction stir vibration welding process on characteristics of SiO2 incorporated joint,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 243, pp. 23–30, 2017.
  41. C.-W. Kuo, S.-M. Yang, J.-H. Chen, G.-H. Lai, and W. Wu, “Study of vibration welding mechanism,” Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 357–362, 2008.
  42. Q. Zhang, L. Yu, X. Shang, and S. Zhao, “Residual stress relief of welded aluminum alloy plate using ultrasonic vibration,” Ultrasonics, vol. 107, p. 106164, 2020.
  43. Z. Wang, J. P. Oliveira, Z. Zeng, X. Bu, B. Peng, and X. Shao, “Laser beam oscillating welding of 5A06 aluminum alloys: Microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties,” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 111, pp. 58–65, 2019.
  44. G. K. Padhy, C. S. Wu, and S. Gao, “Precursor ultrasonic effect on grain structure development of AA6061-T6 friction stir weld,” Materials & Design, vol. 116, pp. 207–218, 2017.
  45. X. Lv, C. S. Wu, C. Yang, and G. K. Padhy, “Weld microstructure and mechanical properties in ultrasonic enhanced friction stir welding of Al alloy to Mg alloy,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 254, pp. 145–157, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.11.031.
  46. M. N. Ilman, R. A. Sriwijaya, M. R. Muslih, and N. A. Triwibowo, “Strength and fatigue crack growth behaviours of metal inert gas AA5083-H116 welded joints under in-process vibrational treatment,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 59, pp. 727–738, 2020.
  47. J. Liu, H. Zhu, Z. Li, W. Cui, and Y. Shi, “Effect of ultrasonic power on porosity, microstructure, mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy joint by ultrasonic assisted laser-MIG hybrid welding,” Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 119, no. 7089, p. 105619, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105619.
  48. T. Asami and H. Miura, “Ultrasonic welding of dissimilar metals by vibration with planar locus,” Acoustical Science and Technology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 232–239, 2015.
  49. W. Xie, T. Huang, C. Yang, C. Fan, S. Lin, and W. Xu, “Comparison of microstructure , mechanical properties , and corrosion behavior of Gas Metal Arc ( GMA ) and Ultrasonic-wave-assisted GMA ( U- GMA ) welded joints of Al – Zn – Mg alloy,” Journal of Materials Processing Tech., vol. 277, no. October 2019, p. 116470, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116470.
  50. Y. Tian, J. Shen, S. Hu, Z. Wang, and J. Gou, “Effects of ultrasonic vibration in the CMT process on welded joints of Al alloy,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 259, pp. 282–291, 2018.
  51. G. Wang, M. S. Dargusch, M. Qian, D. G. Eskin, and D. H. StJohn, “The role of ultrasonic treatment in refining the as-cast grain structure during the solidification of an Al–2Cu alloy,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 408, pp. 119–124, 2014.
  52. B. M. Borkent, S. Gekle, A. Prosperetti, and D. Lohse, “Nucleation threshold and deactivation mechanisms of nanoscopic cavitation nuclei,” Physics of fluids, vol. 21, no. 10, p. 102003, 2009.
  53. Q.-H. Chen, S.-B. Lin, C.-L. Yang, C.-L. Fan, and H.-L. Ge, “Effect of ultrasound on heterogeneous nucleation in TIG welding of Al–Li alloy,” Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1081–1088, 2016.
  54. R. Han, W. Dong, S. Lu, D. Li, and Y. Li, “Modeling of morphological evolution of columnar dendritic grains in the molten pool of gas tungsten arc welding,” Computational materials science, vol. 95, pp. 351–361, 2014.
  55. Z. Lei, J. Bi, P. Li, Q. Li, Y. Chen, and D. Zhang, “Melt flow and grain refining in ultrasonic vibration assisted laser welding process of AZ31B magnesium alloy,” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 108, pp. 409–417, 2018.
  56. N. A. Muhammad and C. S. Wu, “Ultrasonic vibration assisted friction stir welding of aluminium alloy and pure copper,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 39, pp. 114–127, 2019.
  57. A. Ghahremaninezhad and K. Ravi-Chandar, “Ductile failure in polycrystalline OFHC copper,” International journal of solids and structures, vol. 48, no. 24, pp. 3299–3311, 2011.
  58. L. Zhang and S. Zhang, “Using game theory to investigate the epigenetic control mechanisms of embryo development: Comment on:‘Epigenetic game theory: How to compute the epigenetic control of maternal-to-zygotic transition’ by Qian Wang et al.,” Physics of Life Reviews, vol. 20, pp. 140–142, 2017.
  59. S. J. Fensin et al., “Effect of loading direction on grain boundary failure under shock loading,” Acta Materialia, vol. 64, pp. 113–122, 2014.
  60. S. Y. Tarasov, A. V Vorontsov, S. V Fortuna, V. E. Rubtsov, V. A. Krasnoveikin, and E. A. Kolubaev, “Ultrasonic-assisted laser welding on AISI 321 stainless steel,” Welding in the World, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 875–886, 2019.
  61. M. J. Jose, S. S. Kumar, and A. Sharma, “Vibration assisted welding processes and their influence on quality of welds,” Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 243–258, 2016.
  62. F. Yang, J. Zhou, and R. Ding, “Ultrasonic vibration assisted tungsten inert gas welding of dissimilar magnesium alloys,” Journal of Materials Science & Technology, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2240–2245, 2018.
  63. D. Gao, Z. Li, Q. Han, and Q. Zhai, “Effect of ultrasonic power on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 502, no. 1–2, pp. 2–5, 2009.
  64. W. E. N. Tong, S. Liu, C. Shi, L. Liu, and Y. Chen, “Influence of high frequency vibration on microstructure and mechanical properties of TIG welding joints of AZ31 magnesium alloy,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 397–404, 2015.
  65. X. Jian, H. Xu, T. T. Meek, and Q. Han, “Effect of power ultrasound on solidification of aluminum A356 alloy,” Materials letters, vol. 59, no. 2–3, pp. 190–193, 2005.
  66. S. Al-Ezzi, G. Quan, and A. Elrayah, “The mechanism of ultrasonic vibration on grain refining and Degassing in GTA spot welding of copper joints,” Materials, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 737, 2018.
  67. A. Kostrivas and J. C. Lippold, “Fusion boundary microstructure evolution in aluminium alloys,” Welding in the World, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 24–34, 2006.
  68. M. M. Shtrikman, A. V Pinskii, A. A. Filatov, V. V Koshkin, E. A. Mezentseva, and N. V Guk, “Methods for reducing weld porosity in argon-shielded arc welding of aluminium alloys,” Welding International, vol. 25, no. 06, pp. 457–462, 2011.
  69. V. Zohoori-Shoar, A. Eslami, F. Karimzadeh, and M. Abbasi-Baharanchi, “Resistance spot welding of ultrafine grained/nanostructured Al 6061 alloy produced by cryorolling process and evaluation of weldment properties,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 26, pp. 84–93, 2017.
  70. Q. Chen, S. Lin, C. Yang, C. Fan, and H. Ge, “Grain fragmentation in ultrasonic-assisted TIG weld of pure aluminum,” Ultrasonics sonochemistry, vol. 39, pp. 403–413, 2017.
  71. W. D. Callister and D. G. Rethwisch, Materials science and engineering: an introduction, vol. 9. Wiley New York, 2018.
  72. Z. Yao et al., “Acoustic softening and residual hardening in aluminum: modeling and experiments,” International Journal of Plasticity, vol. 39, pp. 75–87, 2012.
  73. J. Wang, L. Jian, L. Qiang, and C. She, “Mechanical Analysis and Experimental Research on Ultrasonic Levitated Conical Rotor Piezoelectric Actuator,” International Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 13, no. 03, p. 2150028, 2021.
  74. M. Ma, R. Lai, J. Qin, B. Wang, H. Liu, and D. Yi, “Effect of weld reinforcement on tensile and fatigue properties of 5083 aluminum metal inert gas (MIG) welded joint: Experiments and numerical simulations,” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 144, p. 106046, 2021.