Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 691 Download : 408

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

The performance of an automotive air-conditioning (AAC) system is influenced by a variety of operating conditions. This can be addressed by employing optimization techniques that can suggest the appropriate parameters for the best results. In this study, the optimum operating conditions for a composite nanolubricants-fuelled AAC system were investigate using Taguchi's design of experiment approach and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The motor speed value, initial refrigerant charge, and composite nanolubricants composition ratio were chosen as operating parameters to investigate the AAC system performance, focusing on the coefficient of performance (COP) and compressor work. Orthogonal arrays (ORs) L25 (56) was selected to determine the optimum operating parameters of the AAC system. The optimum values for speed, refrigerant mass, and composition ratio were determined to be A4B1C5 (60:40, 900 rpm and 155 g), respectively. The motor speed was the significant factor influencing both COP and compressor performance by 78.13% and 89.29%. A confirmation test was conducted with the optimum levels of AAC system parameters to verify the efficiency of the Taguchi optimization method. The validation between the optimization results and the experimental results yielded a maximum error of 9.85%, indicating that the findings of this investigation were acceptable.

Keywords

ANOVA Automotive air-conditioning Hybrid nanolubricants Taguchi methods Optimization

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Author Biography

Anwar Ilmar Ramadhan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

References

  1. Gaber MM, Zaslavsky A, Krishnaswamy S. Mining data streams: a review. ACM Sigmod Record. 2005;34(2):18-26.
  2. Chen W-H, Chang C-M, Mutuku JK, Lam SS, Lee W-J. Analysis of microparticle deposition in the human lung by taguchi method and response surface methodology. Environmental Research. 2021;197:110975.
  3. Costa N, Garcia J. Using a multiple response optimization approach to optimize the coefficient of performance. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016;96:137-43.
  4. Redhwan AAM, Azmi WH, Najafi G, Sharif MZ, Zawawi NNM. Application of response surface methodology in optimization of automotive air-conditioning performance operating with SiO2/PAG nanolubricant. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2018:1-15.
  5. Shayestefar M, Mashreghi A, Hasani S, Rezvan MT. Optimization of the structural and magnetic properties of MnFe2O4 doped by Zn and Dy using Taguchi method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2021:168390.
  6. Darbari AM, Alavi MA. Application of Taguchi method in the numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer around a flat tube with various axial ratios. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 2021;126:105472.
  7. Mutyalu KB, Reddy VV, Reddy SUM, Prasad KL. Effect of machining parameters on cutting forces during turning of EN 08, EN 36 & mild steel on high speed lathe by using Taguchi orthogonal array. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021.
  8. Miansari M, Valipour MA, Arasteh H, Toghraie D. Energy and exergy analysis and optimization of helically grooved shell and tube heat exchangers by using Taguchi experimental design. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2020;139(5):3151-64. doi:10.1007/s10973-019-08653-3.
  9. Bhalla V, Khullar V, Tyagi H. Investigation of factors influencing the performance of nanofluid-based direct absorption solar collector using Taguchi method. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2019;135(2):1493-505. doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7721-x.
  10. Sobhani M, Ajam H. Taguchi optimization for natural convection heat transfer of Al2O3 nanofluid in a partially heated cavity using LBM. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2019;138(2):889-904. doi:10.1007/s10973-019-08170-3.
  11. Abadeh A, Passandideh-Fard M, Maghrebi MJ, Mohammadi M. Stability and magnetization of Fe3O4/water nanofluid preparation characteristics using Taguchi method. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2019;135(2):1323-34. doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7662-4.
  12. Alazwari MA, Abu-Hamdeh NH, Salilih EM. Exergetic performance analysis on helically coiled tube heat exchanger-forecasting thermal conductivity of SiO2/EG nanofluid using ANN and RSM to examine effectiveness of using nanofluids. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2021;144(6):2721-33. doi:10.1007/s10973-021-10644-2.
  13. Mandal SK, Deb A, Sen D. A computational study on mixed convection with surface radiation in a channel in presence of discrete heat sources and vortex generator based on RSM. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2020;141(6):2239-51. doi:10.1007/s10973-020-09774-w.
  14. Ibrahim M, Algehyne EA, Saeed T, Berrouk AS, Chu Y-M. Study of capabilities of the ANN and RSM models to predict the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing SiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2021;145(4):1993-2003. doi:10.1007/s10973-021-10674-w.
  15. Danish M, Yahya SM, Saha BB. Modelling and optimization of thermophysical properties of aqueous titania nanofluid using response surface methodology. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2020;139(5):3051-63. doi:10.1007/s10973-019-08673-z.
  16. Mehat NM, Kamaruddin S. Quality control and design optimisation of plastic product using Taguchi method: a comprehensive review. International Journal of Plastics Technology. 2012;16(2):194-209.
  17. Tchognia JHN, Hartiti B, Ridah A, Ndjaka J-M, Thevenin P. Application of Taguchi approach to optimize the sol–gel process of the quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 with good optical properties. Optical Materials. 2016;57:85-92.
  18. Absike H, Essalhi Z, Labrim H, Hartiti B, Baaalla N, Tahiri M et al. Synthesis of CuO thin films based on Taguchi design for solar absorber. Optical Materials. 2021;118:111224.
  19. Madhukar P, Selvaraj N, Rao C, Kumar GV. Tribological behavior of ultrasonic assisted double stir casted novel nano-composite material (AA7150-hBN) using Taguchi technique. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2019;175:107136.
  20. Taskin M, Caligulu U, Gur AK. Modeling adhesive wear resistance of Al-Si-Mg-/SiC p PM compacts fabricated by hot pressing process, by means of ANN. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2008;37(7):715-21.
  21. Şap E. Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Cu/Mo-SiCp Composites Produced with P/M, and their Wear Behaviour with the Taguchi Method. Ceramics International. 2021.
  22. Ansari NA, Sharma A, Singh Y. Performance and emission analysis of a diesel engine implementing polanga biodiesel and optimization Using Taguchi method. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2018.
  23. Vyas M, Jain M, Pareek K, Garg A. Multivariate Optimization for Maximum Capacity of Lead Acid Battery Through Taguchi Method. Measurement. 2019:106904.
  24. Krishankant JT, Bector M, Kumar R. Application of Taguchi method for optimizing turning process by the effects of machining parameters. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology. 2012;2(1):263-74.
  25. Rathi MG, Jakhade NA. An optimization of forging process parameter by using Taguchi Method: An industrial case study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2014;4(6).
  26. Yakut K, Alemdaroglu N, Sahin B, Celik C. Optimum design-parameters of a heat exchanger having hexagonal fins. Applied energy. 2006;83(2):82-98.
  27. Turgut E, Çakmak G, Yıldız C. Optimization of the concentric heat exchanger with injector turbulators by Taguchi method. Energy conversion and management. 2012;53(1):268-75.
  28. Coşkun S, Motorcu AR, Yamankaradeniz N, Pulat E. Evaluation of control parameters’ effects on system performance with Taguchi method in waste heat recovery application using mechanical heat pump. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2012;35(4):795-809.
  29. Arslanoglu N, Yigit A. Investigation of efficient parameters on optimum insulation thickness based on theoretical‐Taguchi combined method. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2017;36(6):1824-31.
  30. Bademlioglu AH, Canbolat AS, Yamankaradeniz N, Kaynakli O. Investigation of parameters affecting Organic Rankine Cycle efficiency by using Taguchi and ANOVA methods. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018;145:221-8.
  31. Canbolat AS, Bademlioglu AH, Arslanoglu N, Kaynakli O. Performance optimization of absorption refrigeration systems using Taguchi, ANOVA and Grey Relational Analysis methods. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019;229:874-85.
  32. Zainon SNM, Azmi WH. Stability and thermo-physical properties of green bio-glycol based TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 2021;126:105402.
  33. Hamid KA, Azmi WH, Mamat R, Usri NA, Najafi G. Investigation of Al2O3 nanofluid viscosity for different water/EG mixture based. Energy Procedia. 2015;79:354-9.
  34. Zawawi NNM, Azmi WH, Redhwan AAM, Sharif MZ, editors. Coefficient of friction and wear rate effects of different composite nanolubricant concentrations on Aluminium 2024 plate. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2017: IOP Publishing.
  35. Zawawi NNM, Azmi WH, Redhwan AAM, Sharif MZ, Sharma KV. Thermo-physical properties of Al2O3-SiO2/PAG composite nanolubricant for refrigeration system. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2017;80:1-10.
  36. Redhwan AAM, Azmi WH, Sharif MZ, Zawawi NNM, Zulkarnain OW, Aminullah ARM, editors. The effect of Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant towards automotive air conditioning (AAC) power consumption. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2020: IOP Publishing.
  37. Zawawi NNM, Azmi WH, editors. Performance of Al2O3-SiO2/PAG employed composite nanolubricant in automotive air conditioning (AAC) system. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2020: IOP Publishing.
  38. Sharif MZ, Azmi WH, Zawawi NNM, Mamat R, Hamisa AH, editors. R1234yf vs R134a in automotive air conditioning system: A comparison of the performance. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2020: IOP Publishing.
  39. Hamisa AH, Azmi WH, Zawawi NNM, Sharif MZ, Shaiful AIM, editors. Comparative Study of Single and Composite Nanolubricants in Automotive Air-Conditioning (AAC) System Performance. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2019: IOP Publishing.
  40. Aldrich S. Safety Data Sheet. Aluminium Oxide. 2013.
  41. Zawawi NNM, Azmi WH, Sharif MZ, Najafi G. Experimental investigation on stability and thermo-physical properties of Al2O3–SiO2/PAG nanolubricants with different nanoparticle ratios. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2019;135(2):1243-55.
  42. Zawawi NNM, Azmi WH, Sharif MZ, Shaiful AIM, editors. Composite nanolubricants in automotive air conditioning system: An investigation on its performance. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2019: IOP Publishing.
  43. Sander J. Putting the Simple Back into Viscosity. Lubrication Engineers, Inc. 2011.
  44. Redhwan AAM, Azmi WH, Sharif MZ, Mamat R, Samykano M, Najafi G. Performance improvement in mobile air conditioning system using Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2019;135(2):1299-310.
  45. Sharif MZ, Azmi WH, Redhwan AAM, Zawawi NNM, editors. Preparation and stability of silicone dioxide dispersed in polyalkylene glycol based nanolubricants. MATEC Web of Conferences; 2017: EDP Sciences.
  46. Usri NA, Azmi WH, Mamat R, Hamid KA, Najafi G. Thermal conductivity enhancement of Al2O3 nanofluid in ethylene glycol and water mixture. Energy Procedia. 2015;79:397-402. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.509.
  47. Hamid KA, Azmi WH, Nabil MF, Mamat R, Sharma KV. Experimental investigation of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity on nanoparticle mixture ratios of TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2018;116:1143-52.
  48. Redhwan AAM, Azmi WH, Sharif MZ, Zawawi NNM, Mamat R. Sonication time effect towards stability of Al2O3/PAG and SiO2/PAG nanolubricants. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2018;SI 5(1):14-27.
  49. Aminullah ARM, Azmi WH, Redhwan AAM, Sharif MZ, Zawawi NNM, Kadirgama K et al. Tribology investigation of automotive air condition (AAC) compressor by using Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2018;SI 5(1):49-61.
  50. Zawawi NNM, Azmi WH, Redhwan AAM, Sharif MZ, Samykano M. Experimental investigation on thermo-physical properties of metal oxide composite nanolubricants. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2018;89:11-21.
  51. Zawawi NNM, Azmi WH, Redhwan AAM, Sharif MZ. Thermo-physical properties of metal oxides composite Nanolubricants. Journal of Mechanical Engineering (JMechE). 2018;15(1):28-38.
  52. Cetin MH, Ozcelik B, Kuram E, Demirbas E. Evaluation of vegetable based cutting fluids with extreme pressure and cutting parameters in turning of AISI 304L by Taguchi method. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2011;19(17-18):2049-56.
  53. Kıvak T. Optimization of surface roughness and flank wear using the Taguchi method in milling of Hadfield steel with PVD and CVD coated inserts. Measurement. 2014;50:19-28.
  54. Mandal N, Doloi B, Mondal B, Das R. Optimization of flank wear using Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) cutting tool: Taguchi method and Regression analysis. Measurement. 2011;44(10):2149-55.
  55. Derdour FZ, Kezzar M, Khochemane L. Optimization of penetration rate in rotary percussive drilling using two techniques: Taguchi analysis and response surface methodology (RSM). Powder Technology. 2018;339:846-53.
  56. Simsek S, Uslu S, Simsek H, Uslu G. Multi-objective-optimization of process parameters of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel/2-ethylhexyl nitrate by using Taguchi method. Energy. 2021;231:120866.
  57. Balki MK, Sayin C, Sarıkaya M. Optimization of the operating parameters based on Taguchi method in an SI engine used pure gasoline, ethanol and methanol. Fuel. 2016;180:630-7.
  58. Esen H, Turgut E. Optimization of operating parameters of a ground coupled heat pump system by Taguchi method. Energy and Buildings. 2015;107:329-34.
  59. Ji D, Wei Z, Mazzoni S, Mengarelli M, Rajoo S, Zhao J et al. Thermoelectric generation for waste heat recovery: Application of a system level design optimization approach via Taguchi method. Energy Conversion and Management. 2018;172:507-16.
  60. Adewale P, Vithanage LN, Christopher L. Optimization of enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production from crude tall oil using Taguchi method. Energy Conversion and Management. 2017;154:81-91.
  61. Rama RS, Padmanabhan G. Application of Taguchi methods and ANOVA in optimization of process parameters for metal removal rate in electrochemical machining of Al/5% SiC composites. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA). 2012;2(3):192-7.
  62. Rao CM, Venkatasubbaiah K. Optimization of surface roughness in CNC turning using Taguchi Method and ANOVA. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology. 2016;93:1-14.
  63. Chandrashekar J, Vidyasagar B, Reddy MV, Reddy TP. Experimental investigation of turning of EN-9 using Taguchi approach. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology. 2017.
  64. Jeykrishnan J, Ramnath BV, Akilesh S, Kumar RP, editors. Optimization of process parameters on EN24 tool steel using Taguchi technique in electro-discharge machining (EDM). IOP Conference series: Materials science and engineering; 2016: IOP Publishing.
  65. Kumar NS, Sameera Simha TP. Experimental Investigation on Seismic Resistance of Recycled Concrete in Filled Steel Columns-Taguchi’s Approach. Proc 15 WCEE, Lisboa. 2012.
  66. Canel T, Zeren M, Sınmazçelik T. Laser parameters optimization of surface treating of Al 6082-T6 with Taguchi method. Optics & Laser Technology. 2019;120:105714.
  67. A.I. Ramadhan, W.H. Azmi, R. Mamat, K.A. Hamid, Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer and friction factor of plain tube with hybrid nanofluids, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 22(12) (2020) 1-9.
  68. K. Kamajaya, E. Umar, The empirical correlations for natural convection heat transfer Al2O3 and ZrO2 nanofluid in vertical sub-channel, in: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2015, pp. 012053.
  69. N.F.D. Razak, M.S.M. Sani, W.H. Azmi, Heat transfer augmentation in heat exchanger by using nanofluids and vibration excitation-A review, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 17(1) (2020) 7719-7733.
  70. A.I. Ramadhan, E. Diniardi, E. Dermawan, Numerical study of effect parameter fluid flow nanofluid Al2O3-water on heat transfer in corrugated tube, in: AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC, 2016, pp. 050003.
  71. A. I. Ramadhan, W. H. Azmi, R. Mamat, Stability and Thermal Conductivity of Tri-hybrid Nanofluids for High Concentration in Water-ethylene Glycol (60:40), Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 2021; 11(4) : e270421184600. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681210999200806153039
  72. Z. Ziva, Y. K. Suryana, Y. S. Kurniadianti, A. B. D. Nandiyanto, and T. Kurniawan, Recent progress on the production of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles: A review, Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 54–77, 2021.