Main Article Content

Abstract

Several types of alternative fuels have been developed to replace fossil fuels. Alcohols, such as ethanol and methanol, can be blended with gasoline for spark ignition (SI) engines. High octane number and oxygen content in alcohol can increase combustion efficiency. Therefore, our current research investigates the effect of high concentrations of ethanol and methanol mixed in 90 RON gasoline. The mixture was implemented in a 150 cc single-cylinder four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engine without any modifications. Engine testing was carried out with wide-open throttle (WOT) and different engine speeds from 4000 to 10000 rpm. Torque, power, and Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) were measured during experiments on a chassis dynamometer. Our test results found that the higher the methanol fraction in the mixture, the lower the torque generated. To improve engine performance, further research is needed on modified engines so that optimal conditions can be identified.

Keywords

Gasoline Methanol Ethanol SI Engine

Article Details

References

  1. A. M. Pourkhesalian, A. H. Shamekhi, and F. Salimi, “Alternative fuel and gasoline in an SI engine: A comparative study of performance and emissions characteristics,” Fuel, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 1056–1063, May 2010, doi: 10.1016/J.FUEL.2009.11.025.
  2. A. A. S. Gheidan, M. B. A. Wahid, O. A. Chukwunonso, and M. F. Yasin, “Impact of Internal Combustion Engine on Energy Supplyand its Emission Reduction via Sustainable Fuel Source,” Evergreen, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 830–844, 2022, doi: 10.5109/4843114.
  3. Y. Varol, C. Öner, H. F. Öztop, and Ş. Altun, “Comparison of methanol, ethanol, or n-butanol blending with unleaded gasoline on exhaust emissions of an SI engine,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 938–948, 2014, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2011.572141.
  4. H. Bayraktar and O. Durgun, “Investigating the effects of LPG on spark ignition engine combustion and performance,” Energy conversion and management, vol. 46, no. 13–14, pp. 2317–2333, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2004.09.012.
  5. T. C. C. de Melo, G. B. Machado, R. T. Machado, C. R. P. Belchior, and P. P. Pereira, “Thermodynamic modeling of compression, combustion and expansion processes of gasoline, ethanol and natural gas with experimental validation on a flexible fuel engine,” SAE Technical Paper, vol. 2007, no. 0035, 2007, doi: 10.4271/2007-24-0035.
  6. T. Kivevele, T. Raja, V. Pirouzfar, B. Waluyo, and M. Setiyo, “LPG-Fueled Vehicles: An Overview of Technology and Market Trend,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 6–19, 2020, doi: 10.31603/ae.v3i1.3334.
  7. S. M. N. Rahayu et al., “A Review of automotive green technology: Potential of butanol as biofuel in gasoline engine,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 82–97, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.7155.
  8. I. Veza, M. Idris, and I. M. R. Fattah, “Circular economy, energy transition, and role of hydrogen,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 54–56, 2022, doi: 10.31603/mesi.7134.
  9. M. Setiyo, “Alternative fuels for transportation sector in Indonesia,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2022, doi: 10.31603/mesi.6850.
  10. R. J. Pearson, J. W. G. Turner, A. Bell, S. De Goede, C. Woolard, and M. H. Davy, “Iso-stoichiometric fuel blends: Characterisation of physicochemical properties for mixtures of gasoline, ethanol, methanol and water,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of automobile engineering, vol. 229, no. 1, pp. 111–139, 2015, doi: 10.1177/0954407014529424.
  11. S. Syarifudin, F. L. Sanjaya, F. Fatkhurrozak, M. K. Usman, Y. Sibagariang, and H. Köten, “Effect Methanol, Ethanol, Butanol on the Emissions Characteristics of Gasoline Engine,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 62–67, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.4641.
  12. A. N. Ozsezen and M. Canakci, “Performance and combustion characteristics of alcohol e gasoline blends at wide-open throttle,” Energy, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 2747–2752, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.014.
  13. O. I. Awad et al., “Overview of the oxygenated fuels in spark ignition engine: Environmental and performance,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 91, no. March, pp. 394–408, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.107.
  14. Z. Chen, L. Wang, Q. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Yang, and K. Zeng, “Effects of spark timing and methanol addition on combustion characteristics and emissions of dual-fuel engine fuelled with natural gas and methanol under lean-burn condition,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 181, pp. 519–527, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.040.
  15. B. M. Masum, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, S. M. Palash, and I. M. R. Fattah, “Performance and emission analysis of a multi cylinder gasoline engine operating at different alcohol–gasoline blends,” Rsc Advances, vol. 4, no. 53, pp. 27898–27904, 2014, doi: 10.1039/C4RA04580G.
  16. B. S. N. Prasad, J. K. Pandey, and G. N. Kumar, “Impact of changing compression ratio on engine characteristics of an SI engine fueled with equi-volume blend of methanol and gasoline,” Energy, vol. 191, p. 116605, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116605.
  17. S. Kasibhatta, “Alcohol fuels as an alternative fuels-bringing new heights in sustainability,” Alcohol Fuels-Current Technologies and Future Prospect, 2019.
  18. Z. Lee, T. Kim, S. Park, and S. Park, “Review on spray, combustion, and emission characteristics of recent developed direct-injection spark ignition (DISI) engine system with multi-hole type injector,” Fuel, vol. 259, p. 116209, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116209.
  19. A. A. Yusuf and F. L. Inambao, “Progress in alcohol-gasoline blends and their effects on the performance and emissions in SI engines under different operating conditions,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 465–481, 2021, doi: 10.1080/01430750.2018.1531261.
  20. Z. Chen, L. Wang, X. Yuan, Q. Duan, B. Yang, and K. Zeng, “Experimental investigation on performance and combustion characteristics of spark-ignition dual-fuel engine fueled with methanol/natural gas,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 150, pp. 164–174, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.168.
  21. S. Iliev, “A Comparison of Ethanol and Methanol Blending with Gasoline Using a 1-D Engine Model,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 100, pp. 1013–1022, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.461.
  22. I. Gravalos, D. Moshou, T. Gialamas, P. Xyradakis, D. Kateris, and Z. Tsiropoulos, “Performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition engine fuelled with ethanol and methanol gasoline blended fuels,” Alternative fuel, vol. 85, 2011, doi: 10.5772/23176.
  23. B. Waluyo, M. Setiyo, Saifudin, and I. N. G. Wardana, “Fuel performance for stable homogeneous gasoline-methanol-ethanol blends,” Fuel, vol. 294, p. 120565, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120565.
  24. J. W. G. Turner et al., “GEM ternary blends: testing iso-stoichiometric mixtures of gasoline, ethanol and methanol in a production flex-fuel vehicle fitted with a physical alcohol sensor,” SAE Technical Paper, 2012.
  25. Y. L. Calvin et al., “Volatility and physicochemical properties of gasoline-ethanol blends with gasoline RON-based 88, 90, and 92,” Fuel, vol. 307, no. April 2021, p. 121850, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121850.
  26. L. Chen and R. Stone, “Measurement of enthalpies of vaporization of isooctane and ethanol blends and their effects on PM emissions from a GDI engine,” Energy & Fuels, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1254–1259, 2011, doi: 10.1021/ef1015796.
  27. S. Verhelst, J. W. G. Turner, L. Sileghem, and J. Vancoillie, “Methanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines,” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 70, pp. 43–88, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2018.10.001.
  28. O. I. Awad et al., “Alcohol and ether as alternative fuels in spark ignition engine: A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 2586–2605, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.074.
  29. S. Abikusna, B. Sugiarto, and I. Yamin, “Utilization analysis of bioethanol (low grade) and oxygenated additive to cov and gas emissions on si engine,” 2020.
  30. F. Adian and B. Sugiarto, “The optimization of the relationship between octane number of gasoline-ethanol blend fuels in various settings of the engine control module,” 2020.

Most read articles by the same author(s)