Main Article Content

Abstract

A fuel cell power generation system is a renewable energy system that works based on electrochemical processes and produces a direct electric current (DC). Specifically, a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell can operate at low temperatures and produce an efficiency of around 40-60%. In this study, the performance test of the PEM Fuel Cell for power generation was carried out by supplying hydrogen gas using hydrogen from the electrolysis of the hydrogen generator with a variation of KOH catalyst solution with a concentration of 0.5 M; 1.0 M; 1.5 M; 2 M and using Ultra High Purity (UHP) hydrogen with various flow rates of 250 mL/min, 300 mL/min, 350 mL/min, 400 mL/min, 450 mL/min, and 500 mL/min. The test results showed that the output power of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis process was 10.8 W at a concentration of 1 M solutions at an input current of 20 A. The greater the concentration of the catalyst solution, the smaller the electrical power required for the electrolysis process. However, the hydrogen power supply produced by the hydrogen generator was not optimal, so it did not meet the needs of the PEM Fuel Cell. As a result, the PEM Fuel Cell could not work. Meanwhile, testing with UHP hydrogen produced the highest electrical power of 31.588 W at a flow rate of 450 mL/min with a load of 20 W. It indicates that the PEM Fuel Cell is optimal at the output power value with an efficiency of 69.80%.

Keywords

PEM Fuel Cell Hydrogen generator Power engines Ultra-high purity Efficiency

Article Details

References

  1. A. L. Dicks, “4.08 - PEM Fuel Cells: Applications,” T. M. B. T.-C. R. E. (Second E. Letcher, Ed. Oxford: Elsevier, 2022, pp. 232–260.
  2. T. B. Ferriday and P. H. Middleton, “4.07 - Alkaline Fuel Cells, Theory and Applications,” T. M. B. T.-C. R. E. (Second E. Letcher, Ed. Oxford: Elsevier, 2022, pp. 166–231.
  3. P. Kumar, “4.14 - Future Perspective on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells,” T. M. B. T.-C. R. E. (Second E. Letcher, Ed. Oxford: Elsevier, 2022, pp. 379–398.
  4. Y. D. Herlambang, F. Arifin, T. Prasetyo, and A. Roihatin, “Numerical analysis of phenomena transport of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell,” Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 127–135, 2021, doi: 10.37934/arfmts.80.2.127135.
  5. P. Ahmadi and A. Khoshnevisan, “Dynamic simulation and lifecycle assessment of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles considering various hydrogen production methods,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 62, pp. 26758–26769, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.215.
  6. M. Hasani and N. Rahbar, “Application of thermoelectric cooler as a power generator in waste heat recovery from a PEM fuel cell–an experimental study,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 40, no. 43, pp. 15040–15051, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.09.023.
  7. Y. D. Herlambang, A. Roihatin, and F. Arifin, “Model experimental of photovoltaic-electrolyzer fuel cells as a small-scale power,” in International Conference on Vocational Education of Mechanical and Automotive Technology, 2020, vol. 1700, no. 1, p. 12100, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1700/1/012100.
  8. D. Rašić and T. Katrašnik, “Multi-domain and Multi-scale model of a fuel cell electric vehicle to predict the effect of the operating conditions and component sizing on fuel cell degradation,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 268, p. 116024, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116024.
  9. H. Lan, D. Hao, W. Hao, and Y. He, “Development and comparison of the test methods proposed in the Chinese test specifications for fuel cell electric vehicles,” Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 565–579, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.02.006.
  10. U. Lee, S. Jeon, and I. Lee, “Design for shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) system employing electrified vehicles: Comparison of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs),” Cleaner Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, p. 100505, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.clet.2022.100505.
  11. Z. Song, Y. Pan, H. Chen, and T. Zhang, “Effects of temperature on the performance of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles : A review,” Applied Energy, vol. 302, no. April, p. 117572, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117572.
  12. G. Şefkat and M. A. Özel, “Experimental and numerical study of energy and thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell-battery hybrid electric vehicle,” Energy, vol. 238, p. 121794, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121794.
  13. Y. D. Herlambang, J. Shyu, and S. Lee, “Numerical simulation of the performance of air‐breathing direct formic acid microfluidic fuel cells,” Micro & Nano Letters, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 860–865, 2017, doi: 10.1049/mnl.2017.0322.
  14. D. Zhou, F. Gao, A. Al-Durra, E. Breaz, A. Ravey, and A. Miraoui, “Development of a multiphysical 2-D model of a PEM fuel cell for real-time control,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 4864–4874, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2018.2839082.
  15. Y. D. Herlambang, S.-C. Lee, and H.-C. Hsu, “Numerical estimation of photovoltaic–electrolyzer system performance on the basis of a weather database,” International Journal of Green Energy, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 575–586, 2017, doi: 10.1080/15435075.2017.1307200.
  16. I. Khazaee and A. Rava, “Numerical simulation of the performance of solid oxide fuel cell with different flow channel geometries,” Energy, vol. 119, pp. 235–244, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.074.
  17. S. Thomas, S. S. Araya, S. H. Frensch, T. Steenberg, and S. K. Kær, “Hydrogen mass transport resistance changes in a high temperature polymer membrane fuel cell as a function of current density and acid doping,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 317, pp. 521–527, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.021.
  18. W. Li et al., “Experimental and numerical analysis of a three-dimensional flow field for PEMFCs,” Applied Energy, vol. 195, pp. 278–288, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.008.
  19. T. Berning and N. Djilali, “Three-dimensional computational analysis of transport phenomena in a PEM fuel cell—a parametric study,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 440–452, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00816-4.
  20. S. Haji, “Analytical modeling of PEM fuel cell i–V curve,” Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 451–458, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2010.07.007.
  21. M. H. Eikani, A. Eliassi, N. Khandan, and V. R. Nafisi, “Design and fabrication of a 300W PEM fuel cell test station,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 42, pp. 368–375, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.428.
  22. X.-D. Wang, W.-M. Yan, W.-C. Won, and D.-J. Lee, “Effects of operating parameters on transport phenomena and cell performance of PEM fuel cells with conventional and contracted flow field designs,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 20, pp. 15808–15819, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.145.
  23. Y. D. Herlambang, S.-C. Lee, J.-C. Shyu, and C.-J. Liu, “Numerical study and modeling of the solar radiation measurement on tilted surface for the local behavior database,” Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 441–448, 2016, doi: 10.5297/ser.1201.002.
  24. H. Sun, C. Xie, H. Chen, and S. Almheiri, “A numerical study on the effects of temperature and mass transfer in high temperature PEM fuel cells with ab-PBI membrane,” Applied Energy, vol. 160, pp. 937–944, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.053.
  25. Y. D. Herlambang, K. Kurnianingsih, A. Roihatin, T. Prasetyo, M. Marliyati, and F. Arifin, “Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with Different Fuel Flow Rate in Improving Fuel Cell Performance,” Key Engineering Materials, vol. 924, pp. 153–166, 2022, doi: 10.4028/p-5jbb8o.
  26. B. Najafi, A. H. Mamaghani, F. Rinaldi, and A. Casalegno, “Fuel partialization and power/heat shifting strategies applied to a 30 kWel high temperature PEM fuel cell based residential micro cogeneration plant,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 40, no. 41, pp. 14224–14234, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.08.088.
  27. S.-W. Ham, S.-Y. Jo, H.-W. Dong, and J.-W. Jeong, “A simplified PEM fuel cell model for building cogeneration applications,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 107, pp. 213–225, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.08.023.
  28. S. Authayanun, K. Im-Orb, and A. Arpornwichanop, “A review of the development of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells,” Chinese Journal of Catalysis, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 473–483, 2015, doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60272-2.
  29. Y. Devrim, H. Devrim, and I. Eroglu, “Development of 500 W PEM fuel cell stack for portable power generators,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 40, no. 24, pp. 7707–7719, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.02.005.
  30. S. Rezazadeh, H. Sadeghi, R. Mirzaei, and I. Mirzaei, “Numerical Investigation of Flow Channel Geometrical Configuration Design Effect on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance and Mass Transport Phenomenon,” in 2018 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities (ICSGSC), 2018, pp. 137–141, doi: 10.1109/ICSGSC.2018.8541298.
  31. P. T. Nguyen, T. Berning, and N. Djilali, “Computational model of a PEM fuel cell with serpentine gas flow channels,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 130, no. 1–2, pp. 149–157, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.027.
  32. S. Deng, M. K. Hassan, K. A. Mauritz, and J. W. Mays, “Hydrocarbon-based fuel cell membranes: Sulfonated crosslinked poly (1, 3-cyclohexadiene) membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells,” Polymer, vol. 73, pp. 17–24, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.030.
  33. Y. D. Herlambang et al., “A Numerical Study of Bubble Blockage in Microfluidic Fuel Cells,” Processes, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 922, 2022, doi: 10.3390/pr10050922.
  34. W. J. Yang, H. Y. Wang, and Y. B. Kim, “Channel geometry optimization using a 2D fuel cell model and its verification for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 39, no. 17, pp. 9430–9439, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.243.
  35. L. Rostami, P. M. G. Nejad, and A. Vatani, “A numerical investigation of serpentine flow channel with different bend sizes in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells,” Energy, vol. 97, pp. 400–410, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.132.
  36. R. E. Rosli et al., “A review of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) system,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, no. 14, pp. 9293–9314, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.211.
  37. R. K. A. Rasheed, Q. Liao, Z. Caizhi, and S. H. Chan, “A review on modelling of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs),” International journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 3142–3165, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.10.078.
  38. D. R. Dekel, “Review of cell performance in anion exchange membrane fuel cells,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 375, pp. 158–169, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.117.
  39. Y. D. Herlambang, A. Roihatin, K. Kurnianingsih, T. Prasetyo, S.-C. Lee, and J.-C. Shyu, “Computation and numerical modeling of fuel concentration distribution and current density on performance of the microfluidic fuel cell,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020, vol. 2197, no. 1, doi: 10.1063/1.5140949.
  40. K. Nikiforow, P. Koski, and J. Ihonen, “Discrete ejector control solution design, characterization, and verification in a 5 kW PEMFC system,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, no. 26, pp. 16760–16772, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.05.151.
  41. A. Muchtar, N. A. M. N. Aman, M. R. Somalu, M. I. Rosli, and N. S. Kalib, “Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,” Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 174–181, 2018.
  42. M. R. Somalu, N. W. Norman, and A. Muchtar, “A short review on the proton conducting electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cell applications,” Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 115–122, 2018.
  43. Y. D. Herlambang, A. Roihatin, S.-C. Lee, and J.-C. Shyu, “MEMS-Based Microfluidic fuel cell for in situ analysis of the cell performance on the electrode surface,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1444, no. 1, p. 12044, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1444/1/012044.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 4 > >>