The analysis of semiconducting charateristic of rice husk-based carbon nanomaterial bio-activated by pineapple peel juice
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Jun 27, 2025
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Abstract
This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of semiconducting materials derived from rice husk bio-activated by pineapple peel juice, presenting an eco-friendly and sustainable approach. The organic photo-active semiconducting material from rice husk ash (RHA) is synthesized. RHA was activated by immersion in the pineapple juice solution. Distinct structural disparities among RHA, Sunken Carbon nanomaterial (SCNM), and Floating Carbon Nanomaterial (FCNM) materials are revealed through SEM imaging, showcasing the tailored nature of each material. The SEM images also indicate the role of bromelain from the pineapple juice to provide defects on the RHA carbon surface. The crack on the nano particles on the surface of SCNM and FCNM were formed due to the bromelain electrostatic interaction with the surface. Elemental analysis indicates a higher probability of CuO and Si presence in SCNM, suggesting its potential for semiconductor extraction. The Cu to Si ratio implies photoactivity, confirmed by UV-Vis characterization showing absorption peaks in the UV region. FTIR analysis highlights enhanced polar interactions in SCNM and FCNM, attributed to the activation process involving bromelain in pineapple juice. The photoelectric effect testing shows FCNM and SCNM generates more electrical current as exposed to light which. The current was generated due to the electron transport phenomenon of CuO and Si content triggered by photons. The study provides insights into the materials' molecular structures and potential applications in sensors, energy devices, and semiconductor-related technologies, leveraging the unique properties of bio-derived nanomaterials for practical implementation.
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References
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[23] S. Rukzon, P. Chindaprasirt, and R. Mahachai, “Effect of grinding on chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash,” International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 242–247, Apr. 2009, doi: 10.1016/S1674-4799(09)60041-8.
[24] D. L. Zhang, “Processing of advanced materials using high-energy mechanical milling,” Progress in Materials Science, vol. 49, no. 3–4, pp. 537–560, Jan. 2004, doi: 10.1016/S0079-6425(03)00034-3.
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[26] L. R. Domingo, “Molecular electron density theory: A modern view of reactivity in organic chemistry,” Molecules, vol. 21, no. 10, 2016, doi: 10.3390/molecules21101319.
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[30] C. Vermillion, B. Glass, and A. Rein, “Lighter-than-air wind energy systems,” Green Energy and Technology, pp. 501–514, 2013, doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-39965-7_30.
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[32] H. Z. Tan, L. A. Slivovsky, and A. Pentland, “A sensing chair using pressure distribution sensors,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 261–268, 2001, doi: 10.1109/3516.951364.
[33] Y. Ramdhun, M. Mohanta, T. Arunachalam, R. Gupta, and D. Verma, “Bromelain-loaded polyvinyl alcohol–activated charcoal-based film for wound dressing applications,” Macromolecular Research, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 469–488, May 2023, doi: 10.1007/s13233-023-00119-8.
[34] M. Holyavka et al., “Influence of UV radiation on molecular structure and catalytic activity of free and immobilized bromelain, ficin and papain,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 201, p. 111681, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111681.
[35] Y. Fisal, N. Hamidi, and M. N. Sasongko, “Pyrolysis of corn cob biomass toward gaseous products on small capacity reactor,” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 87–95, 2024, doi: 10.21776/mechta.2024.005.01.9.
[36] M. Farid et al., “Phytoremediation of contaminated industrial wastewater by duckweed (Lemna minor L.): Growth and physiological response under acetic acid application,” Chemosphere, vol. 304, p. 135262, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135262.
[37] B. Sürücü, H. H. Güllü, M. Terlemezoglu, D. E. Yildiz, and M. Parlak, “Determination of current transport characteristics in Au-Cu/CuO/n-Si Schottky diodes,” Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 570, pp. 246–253, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.physb.2019.06.024.
[38] A. A. Sirusi, J. H. Ross, X. Yan, and S. Paschen, “NMR study of Ba8Cu5SixGe41-x clathrate semiconductors,” Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 17, no. 26, pp. 16991–16996, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.1039/c5cp02575c.
[39] V. Quaresima and M. Ferrari, “A Mini-Review on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS): Where Do We Stand, and Where Should We Go?,” Photonics, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 87, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.3390/photonics6030087.
[40] M. Musyaroh, W. Wijayanti, M. N. Sasongko, and A. D. Rizaldy, “Efek Intermolecular Forces: Perubahan Physical Properties pada Campuran Premium dan Bio-Additive Orange Peel,” Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 133, 2021, doi: 10.21776/ub.jrm.2021.012.01.15.
[41] Y. Keriti, R. Brahimi, Y. Gabes, S. Kaci, and M. Trari, “Physical and photo-electrochemical properties of CuO thin film grown on µc-Si:H/glass. Application to solar energy conversion,” Solar Energy, vol. 206, pp. 787–792, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.072.
[42] J. G. Kim et al., “Mapping the emergence of molecular vibrations mediating bond formation,” Nature, vol. 582, no. 7813, pp. 520–524, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2417-3.
[43] M. Lin, H. Chen, Z. Zhang, and X. Wang, “Engineering interface structures for heterojunction photocatalysts,” Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 4388–4407, 2023, doi: 10.1039/d2cp05281d.
[44] V. Anh Tran et al., “Experimental and computational investigation on interaction mechanism of Rhodamine B adsorption and photodegradation by zeolite imidazole frameworks-8,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 538, p. 148065, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148065.
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