Evaluation of a diesel engine performance and emission using biogas in dual fuel mode
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Nov 7, 2024
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Abstract
Environmental pollution and the gradual depletion of fossil fuels have recently shifted the focus to alternate fuels. Hence, more diversified research on alternate fuels is necessary to deal with the global energy crisis. Biogas extracted from biomass is an excellent alternative to fossil fuels due to its low cost and good mixing ability. It is mainly generated by anaerobic digestion of organic waste products in a digester tank. The present paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine in dual fuel mode with biogas as main fuel and diesel as pilot fuel without any engine modification. The main aspect of the paper is to critically study the effect of supplementation of biogas on diesel engine efficiency and emission level of important constituent gases such as CO2 and NOX. Our findings demonstrate that the essential performance result of engine, such as Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and Mechanical Efficiency for the biogas-air mixture of 20% (DB20), was slightly decreased. At the same time, there was a reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to pure diesel. Furthermore, the exhaust emission of NOX and CO2 was lowered when the engine was operated in dual fuel induction mode. The results of engine performance were found to be better than the results of other researchers for engines of same specifications and operating conditions. Hence, biogas serves as a viable alternative fuel and contributes to cleaner combustion, offering a promising solution for reducing the environmental impact of diesel engines. The study provides critical insights into optimizing dual fuel systems for enhanced performance and sustainability.
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References
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[18] S. Mujiarto, B. Sudarmanta, H. Fansuri, and A. R. Saleh, “Comparative Study of Municipal Solid Waste Fuel and Refuse Derived Fuel in the Gasification Process Using Multi Stage Downdraft Gasifier,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 97–103, 2021, doi: 10.31603/ae.4625.
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[22] A. K. Das and A. K. Panda, “Effective Utilisation of Kitchen Waste to Biogas by Anaerobic Co-digestion,” in Recent Developments in Waste Management, 2020, pp. 1–10.
[23] B. J. Bora and U. K. Saha, “Comparative assessment of a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine with rice bran oil methyl ester, pongamia oil methyl ester and palm oil methyl ester as pilot fuels,” Renewable Energy, vol. 81, pp. 490–498, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.019.
[24] D. Barik and S. Murugan, “Effects of diethyl ether (DEE) injection on combustion performance and emission characteristics of Karanja methyl ester (KME)–biogas fueled dual fuel diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 164, pp. 286–296, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.094.
[25] R. Jyothilakshmi, “Biogas Technology in Current Indian Scenario as Applicable to its Production, Maintenance and Utilization of the Slurry as Organic Manure after its Enrichment,” Research & Reviews: Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, 2015.
[26] A. V. Prabhu, A. Avinash, K. Brindhadevi, and A. Pugazhendhi, “Performance and emission evaluation of dual fuel CI engine using preheated biogas-air mixture,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 754, p. 142389, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142389.
[27] H. Ambarita, “Performance and emission characteristics of a small diesel engine run in dual-fuel (diesel-biogas) mode,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 10, no. February 2017, pp. 179–191, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2017.06.003.
[28] R. Bouguessa, L. Tarabet, K. Loubar, T. Belmrabet, and M. Tazerout, “Experimental investigation on biogas enrichment with hydrogen for improving the combustion in diesel engine operating under dual fuel mode,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 15, pp. 9052–9063, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.01.003.
[29] A. V. Prabhu, A. Alagumalai, and A. Jodat, “Artificial neural networks to predict the performance and emission parameters of a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel and preheated biogas–air mixture,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 1935–1948, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10973-021-10683-9.
[30] M. A. O. Mydin, N. F. Nik Abllah, N. Md Sani, N. Ghazali, and N. F. Zahari, “Generating Renewable Electricity from Food Waste,” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 3, p. 01012, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/20140301012.
[31] T. M. Tien, P. X. Mai, N. D. Hung, and H. T. Cong, “A study on power generation system using biogas generated from the waste of pig farm,” in International Forum on Strategic Technology 2010, Oct. 2010, pp. 203–207, doi: 10.1109/IFOST.2010.5668012.
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[33] N. N. Mustafi, R. R. Raine, and P. K. Bansal, “The Use of Biogas in Internal Combustion Engines: A Review,” in ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference (ICES2006), Jan. 2006, pp. 225–234, doi: 10.1115/ICES2006-1306.
[34] A. K. Das, S. Nandi, and A. K. Behera, “Experimental Study of Different Parameters Affecting Biogas Production from Kitchen Wastes in Floating Drum Digester and its Optimization,” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, vol. 6, no. 7S, pp. 98–103, 2017.
[35] C. Jagadish and V. Gumtapure, “Experimental investigation of methane-enriched biogas in a single cylinder diesel engine by the dual fuel mode,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1898–1911, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2019.1647314.
[36] M. G. Leykun and M. W. Mekonen, “Investigation of the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled with Biogas-Diesel Dual Fuel,” Fuels, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 15–30, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/fuels3010002.
[2] P. A. Owusu and S. Asumadu-Sarkodie, “A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation,” Cogent Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 1167990, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1080/23311916.2016.1167990.
[3] W. Purwanto, J. C. T. Su, M. L. Rochman, B. Waluyo, K. Krismadinata, and A. Arif, “Study on the Addition of A Swirling Vane to Spark Ignition Engines Fueled by Gasoline and Gasoline-Ethanol,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 162–172, 2023, doi: 10.31603/ae.7981.
[4] B. Waluyo and B. C. Purnomo, “Exhaust Gas Emissions of Homogeneous Gasoline-Methanol-(Ethanol) Blends,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 173–181, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.31603/ae.6599.
[5] T. Kivevele, T. Raja, V. Pirouzfar, B. Waluyo, and M. Setiyo, “LPG-Fueled Vehicles: An Overview of Technology and Market Trend,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 6–19, 2020, doi: 10.31603/ae.v3i1.3334.
[6] D. R. Adhikari, K. Techato, and R. Jariyaboon, “A systematic literature review on renewable energy technologies for energy sustainability in Nepal: Key challenges and opportunities,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 206–222, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60032.
[7] S. Susilawati, A. Nugraha, A. S. S. Buchori, S. Rahayu, F. Fathurohman, and O. Yudiyanto, “Design and implementation of automatic fish feeder (AFF) using microcontroller powered by solar cell: A Contribution to the fish farmers,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 47–53, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.31603/mesi.8276.
[8] R. A. Rahman, S. Sulistyo, M. S. K. T. S. Utomo, D. Ragil, and B. M. Suyitno, “Experimental evaluation on the power characteristic of direct-photovoltaic charging for thermal storage equipment,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 115–122, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.31603/mesi.11493.
[9] F. I. Abam et al., “Thermodynamic modelling of a novel solar-ORC with bottoming ammonia-water absorption cycle (SORCAS) powered by a vapour compression refrigeration condensate for combined cooling and power,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, 2023, doi: 10.31603/mesi.10365.
[10] Y. D. Herlambang et al., “Study on Solar Powered Electric Vehicle with Thermal Management Systems on the Electrical Device Performance,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 18–27, 2024, doi: 10.31603/ae.10506.
[11] E. Achdi, B. F. T. Kiono, S. H. Winoto, and M. Facta, “Improving cross-axis wind turbine performance: A Lab-scale investigation of rotor size and blades number,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 82–91, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.31603/mesi.10837.
[12] A. K. Das, M. R. Padhi, D. Hansdah, and A. K. Panda, “Optimization of Engine Parameters and Ethanol Fuel Additive of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Waste Plastic Oil Blended Diesel,” Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 465–479, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s41660-020-00134-7.
[13] S. Babel, J. Sae-Tang, and A. Pecharaply, “Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage and brewery sludge for biogas production and land application,” International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131–140, Dec. 2009, doi: 10.1007/BF03326067.
[14] D. I. Setyanansyach, M. Setiyo, and T. Raja, “Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Biogas Power Plants in Indonesia,” Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET), vol. 5, no. 3, p. 2303015, 2023, doi: 10.26877/asset.v5i3.16806.
[15] L. M. Olalekan, O. Olatunde, F. I. Oluwafemi, and A. A. Olamide, “Mathematical modeling and cost comparison for electricity generation from petrol and liquified petroleum gas ( LPG ),” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 57–63, 2022, doi: 10.31603/mesi.6697.
[16] L. Matsakas, Q. Gao, S. Jansson, U. Rova, and P. Christakopoulos, “Green conversion of municipal solid wastes into fuels and chemicals,” Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 26, pp. 69–83, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.01.004.
[17] K. Paritosh et al., “Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: Overview of Treatment Methodologies to Enhance Anaerobic Biodegradability,” Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 6, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2018.00075.
[18] S. Mujiarto, B. Sudarmanta, H. Fansuri, and A. R. Saleh, “Comparative Study of Municipal Solid Waste Fuel and Refuse Derived Fuel in the Gasification Process Using Multi Stage Downdraft Gasifier,” Automotive Experiences, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 97–103, 2021, doi: 10.31603/ae.4625.
[19] F. B. Elehinafe, O. B. Okedere, Q. E. Ebong-Bassey, and J. A. Sonibare, “Data on Emission Factors of Gaseous Emissions from Combustion of Woody Biomasses as Potential Fuels for Firing Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria,” Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 75–82, 2021, doi: 10.31603/mesi.5548.
[20] A. Kasinath et al., “Biomass in biogas production: Pretreatment and codigestion,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 150, p. 111509, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111509.
[21] N. H. S. Ray, M.K. Mohanty, and R.C. Mohanty, “Biogas as Alternate Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Literature Review,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 23–28, 2013.
[22] A. K. Das and A. K. Panda, “Effective Utilisation of Kitchen Waste to Biogas by Anaerobic Co-digestion,” in Recent Developments in Waste Management, 2020, pp. 1–10.
[23] B. J. Bora and U. K. Saha, “Comparative assessment of a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine with rice bran oil methyl ester, pongamia oil methyl ester and palm oil methyl ester as pilot fuels,” Renewable Energy, vol. 81, pp. 490–498, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.019.
[24] D. Barik and S. Murugan, “Effects of diethyl ether (DEE) injection on combustion performance and emission characteristics of Karanja methyl ester (KME)–biogas fueled dual fuel diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 164, pp. 286–296, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.094.
[25] R. Jyothilakshmi, “Biogas Technology in Current Indian Scenario as Applicable to its Production, Maintenance and Utilization of the Slurry as Organic Manure after its Enrichment,” Research & Reviews: Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, 2015.
[26] A. V. Prabhu, A. Avinash, K. Brindhadevi, and A. Pugazhendhi, “Performance and emission evaluation of dual fuel CI engine using preheated biogas-air mixture,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 754, p. 142389, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142389.
[27] H. Ambarita, “Performance and emission characteristics of a small diesel engine run in dual-fuel (diesel-biogas) mode,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 10, no. February 2017, pp. 179–191, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2017.06.003.
[28] R. Bouguessa, L. Tarabet, K. Loubar, T. Belmrabet, and M. Tazerout, “Experimental investigation on biogas enrichment with hydrogen for improving the combustion in diesel engine operating under dual fuel mode,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 15, pp. 9052–9063, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.01.003.
[29] A. V. Prabhu, A. Alagumalai, and A. Jodat, “Artificial neural networks to predict the performance and emission parameters of a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel and preheated biogas–air mixture,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 1935–1948, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10973-021-10683-9.
[30] M. A. O. Mydin, N. F. Nik Abllah, N. Md Sani, N. Ghazali, and N. F. Zahari, “Generating Renewable Electricity from Food Waste,” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 3, p. 01012, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/20140301012.
[31] T. M. Tien, P. X. Mai, N. D. Hung, and H. T. Cong, “A study on power generation system using biogas generated from the waste of pig farm,” in International Forum on Strategic Technology 2010, Oct. 2010, pp. 203–207, doi: 10.1109/IFOST.2010.5668012.
[32] H. S. Sorathia and H. J. Yadav, “Energy analyses to a CI-engine using diesel and bio-gas dual fuel- A review study,” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 212–217, 2012.
[33] N. N. Mustafi, R. R. Raine, and P. K. Bansal, “The Use of Biogas in Internal Combustion Engines: A Review,” in ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference (ICES2006), Jan. 2006, pp. 225–234, doi: 10.1115/ICES2006-1306.
[34] A. K. Das, S. Nandi, and A. K. Behera, “Experimental Study of Different Parameters Affecting Biogas Production from Kitchen Wastes in Floating Drum Digester and its Optimization,” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, vol. 6, no. 7S, pp. 98–103, 2017.
[35] C. Jagadish and V. Gumtapure, “Experimental investigation of methane-enriched biogas in a single cylinder diesel engine by the dual fuel mode,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1898–1911, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2019.1647314.
[36] M. G. Leykun and M. W. Mekonen, “Investigation of the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled with Biogas-Diesel Dual Fuel,” Fuels, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 15–30, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/fuels3010002.