A Review of automotive green technology: Potential of butanol as biofuel in gasoline engine
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Jul 16, 2022
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Abstract
In comparison to ethanol biofuel, butanol is considerably less corrosive, permitting the utilization of existing infrastructures used to ship gasoline or diesel for its distribution. Less corrosive also means that butanol can be utilized with no engine alteration. If butanol is mixed with water, it is less likely to split from the main fuel, thus facilitating the storage and distribution of blended fuels. Butanol also comprises a comparable energy content to petrol fuel, with 25% more energy density/liter as opposed to ethanol. All these excellent qualities have led to higher engine performance, enabling the vehicles to achieve higher mileage using butanol with no significant issue. Several challenges and future research directions are discussed and in the last section of this review article, we emphasize the importance of an optical engine to diagnose engine combustion in more detail. The consequence of using butanol on spark ignition engine on cold start and knock phenomena are also worth investigating. Results on the spray, the pressure inside the cylinder, rate of heat release, and detonation are thus required.
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[5] H. Fayaz et al., “Developments in Nanoparticles Enhanced Biofuels and Solar Energy in Malaysian Perspective: A Review of State of the Art,” Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2022, 2022.
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[8] I. Veza, M. F. M. Said, M. A. Abas, Z. A. Latiff, M. R. M. Perang, and D. W. Djamari, “Future Direction of Microalgae Biodiesel in Indonesia,” Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2021.
[9] H. M. Khan, T. Iqbal, M. A. Mujtaba, M. E. M. Soudagar, I. Veza, and I. M. R. Fattah, “Microwave assisted biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalysts,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 23, p. 8135, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14238135.
[10] I. Veza et al., “Multi-objective optimization of diesel engine performance and emission using grasshopper optimization algorithm,” Fuel, vol. 323, p. 124303, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124303.
[11] M. Q. Rusli et al., “Performance and emission measurement of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with palm oil biodiesel fuel blends,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 1068, no. 1, p. 12020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1068/1/012020.
[12] M. Setiyo, D. Yuvenda, and O. D. Samuel, “The concise latest report on the advantages and disadvantages of pure biodiesel (B100) on engine performance: literature review and bibliometric analysis,” Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 469–490, 2021, doi: 10.17509/ijost.v6i3.38430.
[13] I. Veza, M. F. Muhamad Said, Z. Abdul Latiff, and M. A. Abas, “Application of Elman and Cascade neural network (ENN and CNN) in comparison with adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to predict key fuel properties of ABE-diesel blends,” International Journal of Green Energy, vol. 18, no. 14, pp. 1510–1522, 2021, doi: 10.1080/15435075.2021.1911807.
[14] I. Veza, M. F. Roslan, M. F. Muhamad Said, Z. Abdul Latiff, and M. A. Abas, “Cetane index prediction of ABE-diesel blends using empirical and artificial neural network models,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, pp. 1–18, 2020, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2020.1814906.
[15] I. Veza, M. F. Roslan, M. F. M. Said, Z. A. Latiff, and M. A. Abas, “Physico-chemical properties of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE)-diesel blends: Blending strategies and mathematical correlations,” Fuel, vol. 286, p. 119467, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119467.
[16] L. Sileghem, A. Ickes, T. Wallner, and S. Verhelst, “Experimental investigation of a DISI production engine fuelled with methanol, ethanol, butanol, and iso-stoichiometric alcohol blends,” Argonne National Lab.(ANL), Argonne, IL (United States), 2015.
[17] J. Yang, Y. Wang, and R. Feng, “The performance analysis of an engine fueled with butanol-gasoline blend,” SAE Technical Paper, 2011.
[18] D. Golke, J. L. S. Fagundez, N. P. G. Salau, and M. E. S. Martins, “Combustion performance of n-butanol, hydrous ethanol and their blends as potential surrogates for the Brazilian gasoline,” SAE Technical Paper, 2016.
[19] C. Regalbuto, M. Pennisi, B. Wigg, and D. Kyritsis, “Experimental investigation of butanol isomer combustion in spark ignition engines,” SAE Technical Paper, 2012.
[20] X. Zhen, Y. Wang, and D. Liu, “Bio-butanol as a new generation of clean alternative fuel for SI (spark ignition) and CI (compression ignition) engines,” Renewable Energy, vol. 147, pp. 2494–2521, 2020.
[21] F. N. Alasfour, “NOx Emission from a spark ignition engine using 30% Iso-butanol–gasoline blend: Part 1—Preheating inlet air,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 245–256, 1998.
[22] F. N. Alasfour, “NOx emission from a spark ignition engine using 30% iso-butanol–gasoline blend: Part 2—ignition timing,” Applied thermal engineering, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 609–618, 1998.
[23] T. Wallner and R. Frazee, “Study of regulated and non-regulated emissions from combustion of gasoline, alcohol fuels and their blends in a DI-SI engine,” SAE Technical Paper, 2010.
[24] A. Irimescu, “Study of cold start air–fuel mixture parameters for spark ignition engines fueled with gasoline–isobutanol blends,” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1203–1207, 2010.
[25] G. Broustail, F. Halter, P. Seers, G. Moréac, and C. Mounaim-Rousselle, “Comparison of regulated and non-regulated pollutants with iso-octane/butanol and iso-octane/ethanol blends in a port-fuel injection spark-ignition engine,” Fuel, vol. 94, pp. 251–261, 2012.
[26] Y. Yacoub, R. Bata, and M. Gautam, “The performance and emission characteristics of C1-C5 alcohol-gasoline blends with matched oxygen content in a single-cylinder spark ignition engine,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, vol. 212, no. 5, pp. 363–379, 1998.
[27] M. Gautam and D. W. Martin, “Combustion characteristics of higher-alcohol/gasoline blends,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, vol. 214, no. 5, pp. 497–511, 2000.
[28] T. D’andrea, P. F. Henshaw, and D.-K. Ting, “The addition of hydrogen to a gasoline-fuelled SI engine,” International journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 1541–1552, 2004.
[29] C. Ji and S. Wang, “Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and emissions performance of a spark ignition gasoline engine at lean conditions,” International journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 34, no. 18, pp. 7823–7834, 2009.
[30] C. Ji and S. Wang, “Combustion and emissions performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine at idle and lean conditions,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 346–355, 2010.
[31] X. Gu, Z. Huang, J. Cai, J. Gong, X. Wu, and C. Lee, “Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-n-butanol blends in combination with EGR,” Fuel, vol. 93, pp. 611–617, 2012.
[32] F. N. Alasfour, “The effect of using 30% iso-butanol-gasoline blend on hydrocarbon emissions from a spark-ignition engine,” Energy Sources, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 379–394, 1999.
[33] L. Zhao, W. Qi, X. Wang, and X. Su, “Potentials of EGR and lean mixture for improving fuel consumption and reducing the emissions of high-proportion butanol-gasoline engines at light load,” Fuel, vol. 266, p. 116959, 2020.
[34] Y. Wang, X. Yu, Y. Ding, Y. Du, Z. Chen, and X. Zuo, “Experimental comparative study on combustion and particle emission of n-butanol and gasoline adopting different injection approaches in a spark engine equipped with dual-injection system,” Fuel, vol. 211, pp. 837–849, 2018.
[35] M. Vojtisek-Lom, M. Pechout, and M. Mazac, “Real-World On-Road Exhaust Emissions from an Ordinary Gasoline Car Operated on E85 and on Butanol-Gasoline Blend,” SAE Technical Paper, 2013.
[36] J. Zhang, K. Nithyanandan, Y. Li, C.-F. Lee, and Z. Huang, “Comparative study of high-alcohol-content gasoline blends in an SI engine,” SAE Technical Paper, 2015.
[37] M. Kalita et al., “Experimental studies on n-butanol/gasoline fuel blends in passenger car for performance and emission,” SAE Technical Paper, 2016.
[38] A. A. Yusuf et al., “Effects of hybrid nanoparticle additives in n-butanol/waste plastic oil/diesel blends on combustion, particulate and gaseous emissions from diesel engine evaluated with entropy-weighted PROMETHEE II and TOPSIS: Environmental and health risks of plastic waste,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 264, p. 115758, 2022.
[39] M. Koegl, B. Hofbeck, S. Will, and L. Zigan, “Investigation of soot formation and oxidation of ethanol and butanol fuel blends in a DISI engine at different exhaust gas recirculation rates,” Applied Energy, vol. 209, pp. 426–434, 2018.
[40] W. R. da Silva Trindade and R. G. dos Santos, “1D modeling of SI engine using n-butanol as fuel: Adjust of fuel properties and comparison between measurements and simulation,” Energy conversion and management, vol. 157, pp. 224–238, 2018.
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