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As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

  • This manuscript is original and has not been submitted elsewhere, is not currently undergoing review elsewhere, and is not a paraphrased version of a previously published article.
  • I hereby confirm that I will not withdraw my article, and I understand and accept the consequences of doing so, as specified in the JHNS policy.
  • I confirm that no generative-text AI tools were used to generate ideas or text or analyze data in this manuscript.
  • The submission file should be in Microsoft Word file format.