Performance and emission of a spark-ignition engine using gasoline-plastic pyrolysis oil blends
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Jul 5, 2024
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Abstract
In response to the problem of plastic waste, this study investigates the conversion of PET waste plastics into Pyrolysis Plastic Oil (PPO) as an environmentally sustainable alternative energy source, aiming to tackle the pressing issue of plastic waste accumulation. Accordingly, the research comprehensively evaluates the physicochemical properties of PPO, examines its impact on engine performance, and determines the optimal concentrations for blending with gasoline. The investigation uncovers the potential of PPO through precise material preparation involving PET plastic waste pyrolysis, employing meticulous testing and analysis for comprehensive insights. Engine testing, conducted on a 125 cc, 4-stroke motorized vehicle, scrutinizes power, torque, and exhaust emissions under various PPO and gasoline blends. The findings reveal distinctive relationships between PPO ratios and engine behavior, emphasizing the need for nuanced fuel blending. The examination extends to fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption (SFC) testing, highlighting PPO's superior SFC. Exhaust emission testing demonstrates reduced emissions with heightened PPO concentration, showcasing its positive environmental impact. The results contribute valuable insights into PPO's viability as an alternative fuel source and its potential role in mitigating plastic waste. A comparative analysis with existing literature enriches our understanding of the field, emphasizing the need for careful consideration in fuel formulation. While PPO may not achieve performance parity with conventional gasoline, its environmental benefits and efficient waste utilization underscore its significance for a sustainable future. Further research is encouraged to optimize PPO properties and blending ratios, paving the way for an eco-friendlier energy landscape.
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[19] B. Kunwar, H. N. Cheng, S. R. Chandrashekaran, and B. K. Sharma, “Plastics to fuel: a review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 54, pp. 421–428, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.015.
[20] A. Ishihara, D. Kawaraya, T. Sonthisawate, H. Nasu, and T. Hashimoto, “Preparation and characterization of zeolite-containing silica-aluminas with three layered micro-meso-meso-structure and their reactivity for catalytic cracking of soybean oil using Curie point pyrolyzer,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 161, pp. 8–16, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.03.002.
[21] I. Kalargaris, G. Tian, and S. Gu, “Experimental evaluation of a diesel engine fuelled by pyrolysis oils produced from low-density polyethylene and ethylene–vinyl acetate plastics,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 161, pp. 125–131, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.03.014.
[22] A. López, I. de Marco, B. M. Caballero, M. F. Laresgoiti, and A. Adrados, “Influence of time and temperature on pyrolysis of plastic wastes in a semi-batch reactor,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 173, no. 1, pp. 62–71, Sep. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.07.037.
[23] A. Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, I. de Marco, B. M. Caballero, M. F. Laresgoiti, and A. Adrados, “Upgrading of chlorinated oils coming from pyrolysis of plastic waste,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 137, pp. 229–239, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.04.015.
[24] P. Das and P. Tiwari, “The effect of slow pyrolysis on the conversion of packaging waste plastics (PE and PP) into fuel,” Waste Management, vol. 79, pp. 615–624, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.021.
[25] G. K. Parku, F.-X. Collard, and J. F. Görgens, “Pyrolysis of waste polypropylene plastics for energy recovery: Influence of heating rate and vacuum conditions on composition of fuel product,” Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 209, p. 106522, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106522.
[26] Y. Chen et al., “Emissions of automobiles fueled with alternative fuels based on engine technology: A review,” Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 318–334, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jtte.2018.05.001.
[27] A. M. Pourkhesalian, A. H. Shamekhi, and F. Salimi, “Alternative fuel and gasoline in an SI engine: A comparative study of performance and emissions characteristics,” Fuel, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 1056–1063, May 2010, doi: 10.1016/J.FUEL.2009.11.025.
[28] V. K. Kareddula and R. K. Puli, “Influence of plastic oil with ethanol gasoline blending on multi cylinder spark ignition engine,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2585–2589, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2017.07.015.
[29] Suyatno, H. Riupassa, S. Marianingsih, and H. Y. Nanlohy, “Characteristics of SI engine fueled with BE50-Isooctane blends with different ignition timings,” Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 1, p. e12922, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E12922.
[30] A. Verma, A. Raghuvansi, M. . Quraishi, J. V. Tirkey, and C. Verma, “Engine Fuel Production from Waste plastic Pyrolysis (WPO) and Performance Evaluation in a CI engine with Diesel Blend,” Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1712–1721, 2018, doi: 10.26872/jmes.2018.9.6.191.
[31] V. Sinha, M. R. Patel, and J. V. Patel, “Pet Waste Management by Chemical Recycling: A Review,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 8–25, Mar. 2010, doi: 10.1007/s10924-008-0106-7.
[32] A. K. Agarwal, “Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines,” Progress in energy and combustion science, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 233–271, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2006.08.003.
[33] A. I. Osman, C. Farrell, A. H. Al-Muhtaseb, A. S. Al-Fatesh, J. Harrison, and D. W. Rooney, “Pyrolysis kinetic modelling of abundant plastic waste (PET) and in-situ emission monitoring,” Environmental Sciences Europe, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 112, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s12302-020-00390-x.
[34] R. Prurapark, K. Owjaraen, B. Saengphrom, I. Limthongtip, and N. Tongam, “Effect of Temperature on Pyrolysis Oil Using High-Density Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate Sources From Mobile Pyrolysis Plant,” Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 8, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2020.541535.
[35] S. Maithomklang, K. Wathakit, E. Sukjit, B. Sawatmongkhon, and J. Srisertpol, “Utilizing Waste Plastic Bottle-Based Pyrolysis Oil as an Alternative Fuel,” ACS Omega, vol. 7, no. 24, pp. 20542–20555, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07345.
[36] S. Kumar, A. K. Panda, and R. K. Singh, “A review on tertiary recycling of high-density polyethylene to fuel,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 893–910, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.05.005.
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